Laboratory of Comparative Psychology and Behavioral Biology, Departments of Psychology and Zoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2012 Apr;78:287-95. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.11.038. Epub 2011 Dec 23.
Experiments are designed to examine the effects of pymetrozine (Plenum WG-50), a recent systemic pesticide of the pyridine-azomethin family, on Pavlovian conditioning of harnessed foragers. In one set of experiments bees learned a task in which they associated a conditioned stimulus with feeding. A second set of experiments required the bees to learn a discrimination task. Within each experiment, bees received 5 μl of sucrose only, the recommended field dose of Plenum (5 μL of .3 gL(-1), .16 gL(-1) of pymetrozine measured), or 100 times the field dose of Plenum WG 50 thirty minutes prior to training (5 μL of 30 gL(-1), 14 gL(-1) of pymetrozine measured). The Plenum WG 50 was diluted with .88 M sucrose to facilitate the drinking of the pesticide. In addition to varying the concentration, we also investigated the effect of Plenum WG 50 on bees confined to an observation hive and a hive located outside. The results indicated that prior exposure to Plenum WG 50 affected Pavlovian conditioning only when bees were exposed to 100 times the recommended dosage.
实验旨在研究吡虫啉（Plenum WG-50）对经过训练的觅食者的巴甫洛夫条件反射的影响。在一组实验中，蜜蜂学会了一项任务，即在喂食时将条件刺激与食物联系起来。第二组实验要求蜜蜂学习一项辨别任务。在每项实验中，蜜蜂仅接受 5 μl 的蔗糖，即推荐的 Plenum 田间剂量（测量得到的 5 μL 中含有.3 gL(-1)的吡虫啉，.16 gL(-1)），或在训练前 30 分钟接受 100 倍田间剂量的 Plenum WG 50（测量得到的 5 μL 中含有 30 gL(-1)的吡虫啉，14 gL(-1)）。Plenum WG 50 用.88 M 蔗糖稀释，以方便饮用该农药。除了改变浓度外，我们还研究了 Plenum WG 50 对被限制在观察蜂箱和位于室外蜂箱中的蜜蜂的影响。结果表明，只有当蜜蜂暴露于推荐剂量的 100 倍时，先前暴露于 Plenum WG 50 才会影响巴甫洛夫条件反射。
