Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2012 Feb 5;367(1587):332-42. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0263.
Speciation is a fundamental process responsible for the diversity of life. Progress has been made in detecting individual 'speciation genes' that cause reproductive isolation. In contrast, until recently, less attention has been given to genome-wide patterns of divergence during speciation. Thus, major questions remain concerning how individual speciation genes are arrayed within the genome, and how this affects speciation. This theme issue is dedicated to exploring this genomic perspective of speciation. Given recent sequencing and computational advances that now allow genomic analyses in most organisms, the goal is to help move the field towards a more integrative approach. This issue draws upon empirical studies in plants and animals, and theoretical work, to review and further document patterns of genomic divergence. In turn, these studies begin to disentangle the role that different processes, such as natural selection, gene flow and recombination rate, play in generating observed patterns. These factors are considered in the context of how genomes diverge as speciation unfolds, from beginning to end. The collective results point to how experimental work is now required, in conjunction with theory and sequencing studies, to move the field from descriptive studies of patterns of divergence towards a predictive framework that tackles the causes and consequences of genome-wide patterns.
物种形成是导致生命多样性的基本过程。在检测导致生殖隔离的个别“物种形成基因”方面已经取得了进展。相比之下，直到最近，人们对物种形成过程中基因组范围内的分歧模式关注较少。因此，关于个别物种形成基因在基因组中的排列方式以及这如何影响物种形成，仍然存在许多问题。本期特刊专门探讨了物种形成的基因组视角。鉴于最近的测序和计算进展，现在大多数生物体都可以进行基因组分析，其目标是帮助该领域朝着更具综合性的方法发展。本特刊借鉴了植物和动物的实证研究和理论工作，以回顾和进一步记录基因组分歧模式。反过来，这些研究开始阐明不同过程（如自然选择、基因流和重组率）在产生观察到的模式中所起的作用。这些因素在基因组如何随着物种形成的展开而发生分歧的背景下进行了考虑，从开始到结束。总的来说，这些结果表明，现在需要结合理论和测序研究开展实验工作，以便将该领域从对分歧模式的描述性研究推进到解决全基因组模式的原因和后果的预测框架。
