Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2012 Jan 1;17(2):670-99. doi: 10.2741/3951.
Cell membrane glycoconjugates undergo characteristic changes as a consequence of neoplastic transformation. The cancer-associated carbohydrate structures play key roles in cancer progression by altering the cell-cell and cell-environment interactions. In this review, we will discuss some of the most relevant cancer-associated carbohydrate structures, including the β1,6-branching of N-linked chains, the sialyl Lewis antigens, the α2,6-sialylated lactosamine, the Thomsen-Friedenreich-related antigens and gangliosides. We will describe the mechanisms leading to the expression of these structures and their interactions with sugar binding molecules, such as selectins and galectins. Finally, we will discuss how the glycosylation machinery of the cell is controlled by signal transduction pathways, epigenetic mechanisms and responds to hypoxia.
细胞膜糖缀合物会发生特征性变化，这是肿瘤转化的结果。肿瘤相关的碳水化合物结构通过改变细胞-细胞和细胞-环境的相互作用，在癌症进展中发挥关键作用。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论一些最相关的肿瘤相关碳水化合物结构，包括 N 连接链的β1,6-分支、唾液酸化 Lewis 抗原、α2,6-唾液酸化乳糖胺、Thomson-Friedenreich 相关抗原和神经节苷脂。我们将描述导致这些结构表达的机制，以及它们与糖结合分子（如选择素和半乳糖凝集素）的相互作用。最后，我们将讨论细胞的糖基化机制如何受到信号转导途径、表观遗传机制的控制，并对缺氧做出反应。
