Carreau Serge, Bouraima-Lelong Helene, Delalande Christelle
Universite de Caen Basse-Normandie, Laboratoire Oestrogenes et Reproduction, EA 2608, IFR146, 14032 Caen, France.
Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2012 Jan 1;4(1):1-11. doi: 10.2741/e356.
Aromatase converts irreversibly androgens into estrogens and is present in the endoplasmic reticulum of various cells of mammalian testes ; at least in rodents, all testicular cells except peritubular cells express aromatase. In testis, high affinity estrogen receptors, ERalpha and/or ERbeta, together with a membrane rapid effect recently described, mediate the effects of estrogens. From the experimental models, in vitro studies and data collected in patients, it is now demonstrated that estrogens play an important role in the testis of vertebrates. At least it is supported by the widespread distribution of estrogen receptors in the testicular cells and the simultaneous presence of a biologically active aromatase in all germ cells (especially in meiotic and post-meiotic stages). Thus the role of estrogens (intracrine, autocrine and / or paracrine) in spermatogenesis (proliferation, apoptosis, survival and maturation) and more generally, in male reproduction is now evidenced, and much more complex than previously predicted.
芳香化酶不可逆地将雄激素转化为雌激素，存在于哺乳动物睾丸各种细胞的内质网中；至少在啮齿动物中，除了睾丸间质细胞外，所有睾丸细胞都表达芳香化酶。在睾丸中，高亲和力雌激素受体ERα和/或ERβ，连同最近描述的膜快速效应，介导雌激素的作用。从实验模型、体外研究以及患者收集的数据来看，现在已经证明雌激素在脊椎动物睾丸中发挥重要作用。至少雌激素受体在睾丸细胞中的广泛分布以及所有生殖细胞（尤其是减数分裂和减数分裂后阶段）中同时存在具有生物活性的芳香化酶支持了这一点。因此，雌激素（内分泌、自分泌和/或旁分泌）在精子发生（增殖、凋亡、存活和成熟）以及更广泛地在雄性生殖中的作用现在已得到证实，并且比以前预测的要复杂得多。
