Cappellani Alessandro, Di Vita Maria, Zanghi Antonio, Cavallaro Andrea, Piccolo Gaetano, Veroux Massimiliano, Berretta Massimiliano, Malaguarnera Michele, Canzonieri Vincenzo, Lo Menzo Emanuele
Department of Surgery, General Surgery and Breast Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2012 Jan 1;4(1):90-108. doi: 10.2741/s253.
Numerous studies indagated the relationship between dietary pattern or specific nutrients and breast cancer (BC) risk and survival. Different ethnic o social groups show differences in breast cancer incidence that could be explained by different dietary patterns. Furthermore, many nutrients could reasonably increase the risk of cancer because of their content of carcinogens or their precursors as well as of promoting substances. However, the only convincing evidences linking life style to increased BC risk are related to obesity and moderate intake of alcohol and limited to postmenopause. Saturated fat, red meat, high temperature cooking have been indicated as possible risk factors, but adjusted analyses have not confirmed this association or have limited the relationship to specific subgroups. Even the protective effect of fiber, fruit, vegetables and phytoestrogens has been suggested but not definitively demonstrated. Thus, healthy dietary patterns, with abstention from alcohol and weight control, reduce the risk of cancer or at least improve the survival of affected women by reducing the incidence of comorbidities.
众多研究探究了饮食模式或特定营养素与乳腺癌（BC）风险及生存之间的关系。不同种族或社会群体的乳腺癌发病率存在差异，这可能由不同的饮食模式所解释。此外，许多营养素因其致癌物或其前体以及促癌物质的含量，可能会合理地增加患癌风险。然而，将生活方式与乳腺癌风险增加联系起来的唯一令人信服的证据与肥胖和适度饮酒有关，且仅限于绝经后。饱和脂肪、红肉、高温烹饪已被指出可能是风险因素，但校正分析并未证实这种关联，或仅将这种关系局限于特定亚组。甚至膳食纤维、水果、蔬菜和植物雌激素的保护作用也只是被提出，但尚未得到确切证实。因此，保持健康的饮食模式，戒酒并控制体重，可降低患癌风险，或至少通过减少合并症的发生率来改善患癌女性的生存情况。
