Marancik David P, Berliner Aimee L, Cavin Julie M, Clauss Tonya M, Dove Alistair D M, Sutton Deanna A, Wickes Brian L, Camus Alvin C
University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, 501 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2011 Dec;42(4):686-93. doi: 10.1638/2010-0175.1.
In this report, two cases of systemic mycosis in captive sharks are characterized. These cases were progressive and ultimately culminated in terminal disease. Paecilomyces lilacinus, an uncommon pathogen in human and veterinary medicine, was associated with areas of necrosis in the liver, heart, and gill in a great hammerhead shark (Sphyrna mokarran). Fungal growth was observed from samples of kidney, spleen, spinal fluid, and coelomic cavity swabs. Dual fungal infection by Exophiala pisciphila and Mucor circinelloides was diagnosed in a juvenile zebra shark (Stegostoma fasciatum). Both fungi were present in the liver, with more severe tissue destruction associated with E. pisciphila. E. pisciphila also produced significant necrosis in the spleen and gill, while M. circinelloides was associated with only minimal tissue changes in the heart. Fungal cultures from liver, kidney, and spleen were positive for both E. pisciphila and M. circinelloides. Identification of P. lilacinus and M. circinelloides was based on colonial and hyphal morphology. E. pisciphila was identified by sequence analysis of the 28S rRNA D1/D2 region and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region between the 18S and 28S rRNA subunit. These cases, and a lack of information in the literature, highlight the need for further research and diagnostic sampling to further characterize the host-pathogen interaction between elasmobranchs and fungi.
在本报告中，描述了圈养鲨鱼发生的两例全身性真菌病病例。这些病例呈进行性发展，最终导致终末期疾病。淡紫拟青霉是一种在人类和兽医学中不常见的病原体，与一头大锤头鲨（无沟双髻鲨）肝脏、心脏和鳃的坏死区域有关。在肾脏、脾脏、脊髓液和体腔拭子样本中观察到真菌生长。在一条幼年斑马鲨（豹纹鲨）中诊断出嗜鱼外瓶霉和卷枝毛霉的双重真菌感染。两种真菌均存在于肝脏中，嗜鱼外瓶霉导致更严重的组织破坏。嗜鱼外瓶霉还在脾脏和鳃中产生明显坏死，而卷枝毛霉仅与心脏中最小程度的组织变化有关。从肝脏、肾脏和脾脏分离出的真菌培养物中，嗜鱼外瓶霉和卷枝毛霉均呈阳性。淡紫拟青霉和卷枝毛霉的鉴定基于菌落和菌丝形态。嗜鱼外瓶霉通过对28S rRNA D1/D2区域以及18S和28S rRNA亚基之间的内部转录间隔区（ITS）进行序列分析来鉴定。这些病例以及文献中信息的匮乏，凸显了进一步开展研究和诊断采样以进一步明确板鳃亚类与真菌之间宿主-病原体相互作用的必要性。
