Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology.
Cell Biosci. 2011 Dec 28;1:42. doi: 10.1186/2045-3701-1-42.
The TGFβ and Ras-MAPK pathways play critical roles in cell development and cell cycle regulation, as well as in tumor formation and metastasis. In the absence of cellular transformation, these pathways operate in opposition to one another, where TGFβ maintains an undifferentiated cell state and suppresses proliferation, while Ras-MAPK pathways promote proliferation, survival and differentiation. However, in colorectal and pancreatic cancers, the opposing pathways' mechanisms are simultaneously activated in order to promote cancer progression and metastasis. Here, we highlight the roles of the TGFβ and Ras-MAPK pathways in normal and malignant states, and provide an explanation for how the concomitant activation of these pathways drives tumor biology. Finally, we survey potential therapeutic targets in these pathways.
TGFβ 和 Ras-MAPK 通路在细胞发育和细胞周期调控中发挥着关键作用，同时也在肿瘤的形成和转移中发挥着关键作用。在没有细胞转化的情况下，这些通路相互拮抗，TGFβ 维持未分化的细胞状态并抑制增殖，而 Ras-MAPK 通路则促进增殖、存活和分化。然而，在结直肠癌和胰腺癌中，为了促进癌症的进展和转移，相反的通路机制同时被激活。在这里，我们强调了 TGFβ 和 Ras-MAPK 通路在正常和恶性状态下的作用，并解释了这些通路的同时激活如何驱动肿瘤生物学。最后，我们调查了这些通路中的潜在治疗靶点。
