INRA, UMR1091, Environnement et Grandes Cultures, INRA-AgroParisTech, F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France.
Chemosphere. 2012 Apr;87(2):137-43. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.004. Epub 2011 Dec 30.
The organic pollutants (OPs) present in compostable organic residues can be recovered in the final composts leading to environmental impacts related to their use in agriculture. However, the composting process may contribute to their partial dissipation that is classically evaluated through the concentration decrease in extractable OPs, without identification of the responsible mechanisms as mineralization or stabilization of OP as non-extractable residues (NER) or bound residues. The dissipation of four (14)C-labeled OPs (fluoranthene; 4-n-nonylphenol, NP; sodium linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate, LAS; glyphosate) was assessed during composting of sewage sludge and green waste. The dissipation of LAS largely resulted from its mineralization (51% of initial LAS), whereas mineralization was intermediate for NP (29%) and glyphosate (24%), and negligible for fluoranthene. The NER pathway mostly concerned NP and glyphosate, with 45% and 37% of the recovered (14)C being found as NER at the end of composting, respectively. In the final composts, the proportions of water soluble residues of OPs considered as readily available were <11% of recovered (14)C-OPs. However, most fluoranthene remained solvent extractable (72%) and potentially available, whereas only 18% of glyphosate and less than 7% of both NP and LAS remained solvent extractable in the final compost.
有机污染物 (OPs) 存在于可堆肥的有机残留物中，可在最终堆肥中回收，从而导致与它们在农业中使用相关的环境影响。然而，堆肥过程可能会导致部分 OPs 的消散，这通常通过可提取 OPs 浓度的降低来评估，而不识别负责的机制是 OPs 的矿化或稳定为非可提取残留物 (NER) 或结合残留物。在污水污泥和绿肥的堆肥过程中，评估了四种 (14)C 标记的 OPs（荧蒽；4-壬基酚，NP；十二烷基苯磺酸钠，LAS；草甘膦）的消散情况。LAS 的大量消散是由于其矿化（初始 LAS 的 51%），而 NP（29%）和草甘膦（24%）的矿化是中等的，荧蒽则可以忽略不计。NER 途径主要涉及 NP 和草甘膦，分别在堆肥结束时发现 45%和 37%的回收 (14)C 作为 NER。在最终的堆肥中，考虑到易于获得的 OPs 的水溶性残留物的比例<11%的回收 (14)C-OPs。然而，大部分荧蒽仍然可溶剂提取（72%）且具有潜在可用性，而只有 18%的草甘膦和不到 7%的 NP 和 LAS 在最终堆肥中仍然可溶剂提取。
