State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8, Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Beijing, 100012, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Sep;24(26):21283-21297. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9514-3. Epub 2017 Jul 25.
Soil conditioners can be used to compensate for the insufficient soil nutrition and organic matter (OM) of arable soils. However, the traditional preparation method for soil conditioners is lengthy and requires facilities that occupy large tracts of land. In this study, a short-duration hydrothermal fermentation (SHF) method was developed for the preparation of soil conditioners from food waste. The SHF method required only 18 h to produce soil conditioners with physicochemical characteristics that were similar to those of soil conditioners obtained through traditional fermentation (TF), which takes 20 days to complete. Inoculation and dynamic SHF significantly affected the distribution of different molecular weight fractions in the prepared soil conditioners. The results of spectral analysis revealed that a large amount of soluble microbial byproducts and carbohydrate C formed in the SHF soil conditioner. This effect indicated that the SHF soil conditioner supplied not only immediately available nutrients, which can stimulate the growth of soil microbial communities, but also provided sustained-release nutrients for the long-term cultivation of crops on OM-impoverished soils. Cyanobacteria were present in the SHF soil conditioner at a relative abundance of 6.29%, which was 28.6 and 314.5 times those in the raw material and TF soil conditioner, respectively. Amending OM-impoverished soil with the SHF soil conditioner enhanced the carbon pool management index of the resulting SHF soil by 1.50 and 1.12 times those of unfertilized soil and TF soil, respectively. These results indicated that the SHF soil exhibited a high capacity to supply nutrients for crop growth.
土壤调理剂可用于弥补耕地土壤中养分和有机质（OM）的不足。然而，传统土壤调理剂的制备方法耗时较长，且需要占用大量土地的设施。在本研究中，开发了一种从食物垃圾制备土壤调理剂的短时间水热发酵（SHF）方法。SHF 方法仅需 18 小时即可生产出具有与传统发酵（TF）相似理化特性的土壤调理剂，而传统发酵需要 20 天才能完成。接种和动态 SHF 显著影响了制备的土壤调理剂中不同分子量分数的分布。光谱分析的结果表明，SHF 土壤调理剂中形成了大量的可溶性微生物副产物和碳水化合物 C。这一效果表明，SHF 土壤调理剂不仅提供了可立即利用的养分，这些养分可以刺激土壤微生物群落的生长，还为 OM 贫瘠土壤上作物的长期种植提供了缓释养分。蓝细菌在 SHF 土壤调理剂中的相对丰度为 6.29%，分别是原始材料和 TF 土壤调理剂中的 28.6 和 314.5 倍。用 SHF 土壤调理剂改良 OM 贫瘠土壤，使 SHF 土壤的碳库管理指数分别比未施肥土壤和 TF 土壤提高了 1.50 倍和 1.12 倍。这些结果表明，SHF 土壤具有为作物生长提供养分的高能力。
