Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria "Dr. Negrín", Barranco de La Ballena s/n, CP 35010, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
Surg Oncol. 2012 Sep;21(3):201-6. doi: 10.1016/j.suronc.2011.12.002. Epub 2011 Dec 29.
Normal tissue toxicity caused by radiotherapy conditions the success of the treatment and the quality of life of patients. Radiotherapy is combined with surgery in both the preoperative or postoperative setting for the treatment of most localized solid tumour types. Furthermore, radical radiotherapy is an alternative to surgery in several tumour locations. The possibility of predicting such radiation-induced toxicity would make possible a better treatment schedule for the individual patient. Radiation-induced toxicity is, at least in part, genetically determined. From decades, several predictive tests have been proposed to know the individual sensitivity of patients to the radiotherapy schedules. Among them, initial DNA damage, radiation-induced apoptosis, gene expression profiles, and gene polymorphisms have been proposed. We report here an overview of the main studies regarding to this field. Radiation-induced apoptosis in peripheral blood lymphocytes seem to be the most promising assay tested in prospective clinical trials, although they have to be validated in large clinical studies. Other promising assays, as those related with single nucleotide polymorphisms, need to be validated as well.
放射治疗引起的正常组织毒性影响治疗的成功率和患者的生活质量。放射治疗与手术联合应用于大多数局部实体肿瘤类型的术前或术后治疗。此外，根治性放疗是几种肿瘤部位手术的替代方法。预测这种放射诱导毒性的可能性将使每位患者的治疗方案更加完善。放射诱导毒性至少部分是由遗传决定的。几十年来，已经提出了几种预测性测试来了解患者对放疗方案的个体敏感性。其中，最初的 DNA 损伤、放射诱导的细胞凋亡、基因表达谱和基因多态性已被提出。我们在这里报告了关于该领域的主要研究的概述。在外周血淋巴细胞中诱导的细胞凋亡似乎是在前瞻性临床试验中测试的最有前途的检测方法，尽管它们需要在大型临床研究中进行验证。其他有前途的检测方法，如与单核苷酸多态性相关的检测方法，也需要进行验证。
