Annen Sigrid, Roser Patrik, Brüne Martin
Research Department of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Psychiatric Preventive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Ruhr-University of Bochum, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Alexandrinenstrasse 1, Bochum, Germany.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2012 Jan;200(1):26-32. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e31823e653b.
Research has shown that patients with schizophrenia and depression differ from nonclinical subjects in nonverbal behavior. In contrast, there is a paucity of studies addressing differences in nonverbal communication between diagnostic groups and as to what extent nonverbal communication feeds into standard ratings of psychopathology. Twenty-six patients with schizophrenia were compared with 24 patients with affective disorders (13 depressed, 11 manic) regarding their nonverbal behavior using the Ethological Coding System for Interviews. Symptom severity was rated using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Patients with mania displayed more illustrative gestures than did patients with schizophrenia or depression. Subtler behavioral differences between the groups occurred regarding assertive behaviors and displacement activities suggestive of hostility and motivational conflict, respectively. Distinct correlations between nonverbal communication and psychopathology ratings emerged in all three groups. Patients with schizophrenia, depression, and mania differ in nonverbal behavior. Nonverbal communication seems to be a significant contributor to clinicians' intuitive ratings.
研究表明，精神分裂症患者和抑郁症患者在非语言行为方面与非临床受试者存在差异。相比之下，针对不同诊断组之间非语言交流差异以及非语言交流在多大程度上影响精神病理学标准评分的研究却很少。使用访谈的行为学编码系统，对26名精神分裂症患者和24名情感障碍患者（13名抑郁症患者，11名躁狂症患者）的非语言行为进行了比较。使用简明精神病评定量表对症状严重程度进行评分。躁狂症患者比精神分裂症患者或抑郁症患者表现出更多的说明性手势。各组之间在自信行为和分别暗示敌意和动机冲突的替代活动方面存在更细微的行为差异。在所有三组中，非语言交流与精神病理学评分之间都出现了明显的相关性。精神分裂症患者、抑郁症患者和躁狂症患者在非语言行为上存在差异。非语言交流似乎是临床医生直觉评分的一个重要因素。
