Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
J Vet Intern Med. 2012 Jan-Feb;26(1):32-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00854.x. Epub 2011 Dec 23.
Paratuberculosis has a worldwide distribution and many countries have implemented control programs to prevent transmission among and within herds. For these programs to be efficient, knowledge of the risk factors involved in transmission is essential.
Systematically review the scientific literature concerning risk factors associated with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) transmission to dairy calves.
Systematic review.
An electronic search was done in PubMed and CAB to retrieve references relevant to answer at least 1 of the 5 questions concerning neonatal environment, colostrum, milk, housing of calves, and contact of calves with adult cow feces as risk factors in MAP transmission. A 1st screening was done using titles only, then abstracts, and finally full-length articles were reviewed for relevance. From the articles selected, risk factors and presence of a significant association between these risk factors and MAP transmission were recorded.
Twenty-three articles from 11 different countries and published in 12 different journals were reviewed. The most common study design was cross-sectional (n = 16). The case definition and diagnostic tests used were very variable among studies, but serum ELISA was used in most studies (n = 14). The study unit was the herd in 18 studies.
The contact of calves with adult cow feces is the most important risk factor in MAP transmission. The 5 categories of risk factors are linked to one another.
副结核病在全球范围内分布广泛，许多国家已经实施了控制计划，以防止在畜群之间和内部传播。为了使这些计划有效，必须了解与传播相关的风险因素。
系统回顾与牛分枝杆菌副结核亚种（MAP）传播给奶牛犊牛相关的风险因素的科学文献。
系统综述。
在 PubMed 和 CAB 中进行电子检索，以检索与回答至少 1 个有关新生牛环境、初乳、牛奶、牛犊饲养和牛犊接触成年牛粪便的 5 个问题的参考文献，这些问题是 MAP 传播的风险因素。首先仅使用标题进行初步筛选，然后是摘要，最后是全文进行相关性审查。从选择的文章中，记录了风险因素以及这些风险因素与 MAP 传播之间存在的显著关联。
从 11 个不同国家的 12 种不同期刊中审查了 23 篇文章。最常见的研究设计是横断面研究（n = 16）。研究中使用的病例定义和诊断测试差异很大，但血清 ELISA 被用于大多数研究（n = 14）。18 项研究的研究单位是畜群。
牛犊接触成年牛粪便是 MAP 传播的最重要风险因素。这 5 类风险因素相互关联。
