De Nardi M, La Torre A, Barassi A, Ricci C, Banfi G
University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2011 Dec;51(4):609-15.
Recent studies have investigated the importance of recovery strategies after training session, including hydrotherapy and cryotherapy. However, only a few studies have focused on cold-water immersion (CWI) treatments in team sport disciplines. The present study investigates the effects of CWI and contrast-water therapy (CWT) on the performance of young male soccer players during a week of training.
Eighteen young soccer players participated in the present study (age 15.5±1.0 years, weight 61.8±3.0 Kg, height 175.5±4.0 cm and training experience 8.1±1.0 years). They were involved in a four-day study with recovery using CWI or with CWT after each training session by using performance tests and small-sided games. We measured uric acid concentration, leukocytes, haemoglobin, reticulocytes and creatine kinase changes in the blood, axillary temperature, rating of perceived exertion after a training session, heart rate during exercise, performance tests (counter movement jump, repeated sprint ability and 5' shuttle run).
No significant difference were reported between groups when different physiological tests were used; CWI and CWT did not negatively influence the performances of the athletes. The principal effect of CWI was a reduced perception of fatigue after the training session. The use of active recovery protocols based on cold water or cold/thermoneutral water did not induce modifications of inflammatory and haematological markers in young soccer players.
The beneficial effect of a reduced perception of fatigue can improve training and competitions in young soccer players.
近期研究探讨了训练课后恢复策略的重要性，包括水疗和冷冻疗法。然而，只有少数研究关注团队运动项目中的冷水浸泡（CWI）治疗。本研究调查了CWI和对比水疗法（CWT）对年轻男性足球运动员一周训练期间表现的影响。
18名年轻足球运动员参与了本研究（年龄15.5±1.0岁，体重61.8±3.0千克，身高175.5±4.0厘米，训练经验8.1±1.0年）。他们参与了一项为期四天的研究，在每次训练课后使用CWI或CWT进行恢复，并通过性能测试和小型比赛来评估。我们测量了血液中的尿酸浓度、白细胞、血红蛋白、网织红细胞和肌酸激酶变化、腋窝温度、训练课后的主观用力感觉评分、运动期间的心率、性能测试（反向移动跳跃、重复冲刺能力和5分钟穿梭跑）。
当使用不同的生理测试时，两组之间未报告显著差异；CWI和CWT对运动员的表现没有负面影响。CWI的主要作用是降低训练课后的疲劳感。基于冷水或冷/热中性水的主动恢复方案的使用并未引起年轻足球运动员炎症和血液学指标的改变。
疲劳感降低的有益效果可以改善年轻足球运动员的训练和比赛。
