Anti-hypersensitivity mechanism of action for a dentifrice containing 0.3% triclosan, 2.0% PVM/MA copolymer, 0.243% NaF and specially-designed silica.

PURPOSE

To evaluate the laboratory dentin occlusion efficacy and effects on dentin permeability of a new multi-benefit dentifrice in order to gain insight into the mechanism of action of a novel technology for dentin hypersensitivity relief based on a specially-designed silica and copolymer system.

METHODS

Acid-etched human dentin was evaluated with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after treatment with one of the following: (1) a dentifrice containing 0.3% triclosan, 2.0% PVM/MA copolymer, 0.243% sodium fluoride with specially designed silica (Test Dentifrice 1); (2) a dentifrice containing 0.3% triclosan and the same overall silica loading as Test Dentifrice 1 but without copolymer and the specially-designed silica (Placebo Dentifrice); (3) a commercially-available dentifrice containing 0.454% stannous fluoride in a silica base with sodium hexametaphosphate and zinc lactate (Test Dentifrice 2); and (4) a commercially-available non-sensitive dentifrice containing 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base (Negative Control Dentifrice). The composition of dentin treated with either Test Dentifrice 1 or Negative Control Dentifrice was analyzed using energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). To highlight dentin occluding efficacy of the specially-designed silica, dentin was treated with Test Dentifrice 1 formulated with fluorescently-tagged specially-designed silica and resulting occlusion followed with CLSM. The dentin occluding abilities of Test Dentifrices 1 and 2 were compared with the Negative Control dentifrice using CLSM after a 4-day cycling model consisting of twice daily dentifrice treatment and four acid challenges. Effects of treatment with Test Dentifrices 1 or 2 on dentin permeability and subsequent resistance of occluding deposits to acid dissolution and dislodgement by pulpal pressure were assessed using hydraulic conductance.

RESULTS

Dentin specimens treated with Test Dentifrices 1 and 2 were significantly occluded compared to Placebo Dentifrice and Negative Control Dentifrice when visualized with CLSM. The level of occlusion remaining after challenge with cola was highest for dentin treated with Test Dentifrice 1 in CLSM xz views. Test Dentifrice 1 produced dentin surface deposits and tubule plugs containing silicon in addition to calcium and phosphorus as indicated by ESCA and EDX. CLSM visualization of fluorescently-tagged material confirmed occlusion by the specially-designed silica which was localized at the dentin tubule openings. Imaging of dentin by CLSM after the 4-day cycling model revealed a significantly higher amount of occluded tubules for dentin treated with Test Dentifrice 1 compared to the Negative Control Dentifrice or Test Dentifrice 2. Etched dentin treated with the Test Dentifrice 1 was significantly less permeable compared to that treated with the Negative Control Dentifrice, exhibiting over 80% reduction in dentin permeability. The occlusion provided by the Test Dentifrice 1 was maintained and provided significantly better reduction in permeability after extended pulpal pressure and acid challenge compared to dentin treated with Test Dentifrice 2.