Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012 May;12(5):410-7. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0679. Epub 2012 Jan 4.
The goals of this study were to investigate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in main springs of Campos do Jordão, an important tourist city, in Brazil and to gather the largest amount of parasitological data from autochthonous population that live in rural areas of this city. The membrane filtration technique followed by direct immunofluorescence assay was employed for concentration and visualization of waterborne protozoa. In the period between June 2003 and May 2004, the presence of at least one pathogenic protozoa was detected in 25.0% (3/12) of the springs studied, with mean concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 0.3 Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts and 0.07 to 0.1 Giardia sp. cysts/L. The coproparasitological investigation conducted in dwellers from two rural communities from this city revealed that 49.2% (91/185) of people had intestinal parasites. Among pathogenic protozoa, Cryptosporidium was the most prevalent species (8.1%) followed by Giardia duodenalis (5.9%), Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar (2.7%), and Blastocystis hominis (2.2%). The most prevalent geohelminths were Ascaris lumbricoides (14.9%) and Trichuris trichiura (9.7%). This study demonstrated the contamination and the distribution of intestinal parasites, especially Cryptosporidium and Giardia species, in different springs of an important tourist city in Brazil, highlighting the need of monitoring natural water sources. The high prevalence of intestinal parasitosis detected in some specific populations of this city may function as a link of transmission of different intestinal parasitosis due to soil and water contamination, contributing to the maintenance of parasite life cycles. Therefore, the inclusion of consistent public health interventions with measures that include the protection of springs, the installation of minimum health infrastructure, and primary education of the population are widely necessary, aiming the control and prevention of parasite infections.
本研究的目的是调查巴西重要旅游城市坎波斯·多斯·杰尔逊（Campos do Jordão）主要泉水中隐孢子虫囊和贾第鞭毛虫囊的发生情况，并从该城市农村地区的土著人群中收集最多的寄生虫学数据。采用膜过滤技术结合直接免疫荧光法浓缩和可视化水样中的原生动物。在 2003 年 6 月至 2004 年 5 月期间，在所研究的 12 个泉水中，有 25.0%（3/12）至少检测到一种致病性原生动物，平均浓度范围为 0.2 至 0.3 个隐孢子虫囊和 0.07 至 0.1 个贾第鞭毛虫囊/L。对来自该城市两个农村社区居民的粪寄生虫学调查显示，49.2%（91/185）的人有肠道寄生虫。在致病性原生动物中，隐孢子虫最为常见（8.1%），其次是十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫（5.9%）、溶组织内阿米巴/迪斯帕内阿米巴（2.7%）和人芽囊原虫（2.2%）。最常见的土源性线虫是蛔虫（14.9%）和鞭虫（9.7%）。本研究表明，在巴西一个重要旅游城市的不同泉水中存在肠道寄生虫，特别是隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫的污染和分布情况，强调了对天然水源进行监测的必要性。在该城市的一些特定人群中检测到的肠道寄生虫高流行率可能是由于土壤和水污染导致不同肠道寄生虫传播的一个环节，有助于寄生虫生命周期的维持。因此，广泛需要采取一致的公共卫生干预措施，包括保护泉水、安装最低限度的卫生基础设施和对人群进行初级教育，以控制和预防寄生虫感染。
