Department of Ophthalmology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan.
Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2012 Mar;56(2):152-8. doi: 10.1007/s10384-011-0112-5. Epub 2012 Jan 6.
Idiopathic macular telangiectasia (MacTel) is classified into aneurysmal telangiectasia (type 1), perifoveal telangiectasia (type 2) and occlusive telangiectasia (type 3). Most instances of telangiectasia in Western countries are type 2. This study reports clinical and demographic features of MacTel in Japanese patients.
Newly diagnosed patients with MacTel were examined retrospectively. All patients underwent fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography.
Thirty-four eyes of 27 patients with MacTel were included. Twenty eyes of 20 patients (74.1%) had type 1, ten eyes of five patients (18.5%) had type 2, and four eyes of two patients (7.4%) had type 3. Foveal capillary dilatation and microaneurysms were observed in all except for one eye of early stage type 2 MacTel. Optical coherence tomography revealed cystoid macular edema in type 1, temporal foveal thinning and a loss of boundary between the inner and outer segments of photoreceptors in type 2, and thinning of all retinal layers around the fovea in type 3.
The most frequent among our patients was aneurysmal MacTel, whereas perifoveal MacTel was not common. Although the clinical characteristics were similar, the most common type was different from that in Western countries.
特发性黄斑毛细血管扩张症（MacTel）分为动脉瘤样毛细血管扩张症（1 型）、旁中心凹毛细血管扩张症（2 型）和闭塞性毛细血管扩张症（3 型）。大多数西方国家的毛细血管扩张症为 2 型。本研究报告了日本患者 MacTel 的临床和人口统计学特征。
回顾性检查新诊断的 MacTel 患者。所有患者均行荧光素血管造影和光学相干断层扫描。
共纳入 27 例患者的 34 只眼 MacTel。20 只眼（74.1%）为 1 型，10 只眼（18.5%）为 2 型，4 只眼（7.4%）为 3 型。除了早期 2 型 MacTel 的一只眼外，所有眼均可见中心凹毛细血管扩张和微动脉瘤。光学相干断层扫描显示 1 型有囊样黄斑水肿，2 型有颞侧中心凹变薄和光感受器内外节边界丧失，3 型有中心凹周围所有视网膜层变薄。
在我们的患者中，最常见的是动脉瘤性 MacTel，而旁中心凹 MacTel 并不常见。虽然临床特征相似，但最常见的类型与西方国家不同。
