Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2012 Sep;19(5):549-65. doi: 10.1080/13825585.2011.638977. Epub 2012 Jan 6.
The current study investigated the influence of encoding modality and cue-action relatedness on prospective memory (PM) performance in young and older adults using a modified version of the Virtual Week task. Participants encoded regular and irregular intentions either verbally or by physically performing the action during encoding. For half of the intentions there was a close semantic relation between the retrieval cue and the intended action, while for the remaining intentions the cue and action were semantically unrelated. For irregular tasks, both age groups showed superior PM for related intentions compared to unrelated intentions in both encoding conditions. While older adults retrieved fewer irregular intentions than young adults after verbal encoding, there was no age difference following enactment. Possible mechanisms of enactment and relatedness effects are discussed in the context of current theories of event-based PM.
本研究采用改良后的虚拟星期任务，考察了编码模态和提示-动作关联性对年轻和老年被试前瞻记忆表现的影响。被试在编码阶段通过口头或实际执行动作的方式，对常规和非常规意图进行编码。对于一半的意图，提示和意图动作之间存在密切的语义关系，而对于其余意图，提示和动作在语义上没有关联。对于非常规任务，在两种编码条件下，与无关意图相比，两个年龄组的相关意图的前瞻记忆表现都更好。虽然与口头编码相比，老年被试在执行编码后回忆起的非常规意图较少，但在执行编码后，年龄差异并不明显。在基于事件的前瞻记忆理论的背景下，讨论了执行和关联性效应的可能机制。
