The Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology, INMED, Marseille, France.
Eur J Neurol. 2012 May;19(5):752-9, e45-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03623.x. Epub 2012 Jan 4.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a paralytic and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by the gradual loss of both upper and lower motoneurons. There is compelling evidence from ALS experimental models that neuroinflammation actively contributes to motoneuron damage. We recently proposed that interferon gamma (IFNγ), a potent proinflammatory cytokine, induces motoneuron death by eliciting the activation of the lymphotoxin beta receptor (LT-βR) through its ligand LIGHT. Here, we explore the pertinence of this non-cell-autonomous mechanism in human ALS.
The levels and expression pattern of IFNγ, LIGHT, and LT-βR were investigated by Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis in spinal cord of patients with sporadic ALS.
We observed significant increased levels of IFNγ in human ALS spinal cords compared to control cases. We found that large ventral horn neurons as well as glial cells were immunoreactive for IFNγ in sporadic ALS spinal cord. We further observed that LIGHT and LT-βR were expressed mainly by motoneurons in both ALS and control cases, and while LT-βR levels remained constant between ALS and control cases, LIGHT levels were increased in human ALS spinal cords.
These findings in sporadic ALS cases, which are consistent with the observation made in ALS experimental models, propose that the IFNγ-triggered LIGHT/LT-βR-mediated death pathway may contribute to human ALS pathogenesis.
肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)是一种由上下运动神经元逐渐丧失引起的麻痹性和致命性神经退行性疾病。ALS 实验模型有确凿的证据表明,神经炎症积极促进运动神经元损伤。我们最近提出,干扰素γ(IFNγ)是一种有效的促炎细胞因子,通过其配体 LIGHT 诱导淋巴毒素β受体(LT-βR)的激活,从而引发运动神经元死亡。在这里,我们探讨了这种非细胞自主机制在人类 ALS 中的相关性。
通过 Western blot 和免疫组织化学分析,检测散发性 ALS 患者脊髓中 IFNγ、LIGHT 和 LT-βR 的水平和表达模式。
与对照组相比,我们观察到人类 ALS 脊髓中 IFNγ水平显著升高。我们发现,在散发性 ALS 脊髓中,大的腹角神经元和神经胶质细胞都对 IFNγ呈免疫反应性。我们进一步观察到,LIGHT 和 LT-βR 主要在 ALS 和对照组的运动神经元中表达,而 LT-βR 水平在 ALS 和对照组之间保持不变,LIGHT 水平在人类 ALS 脊髓中增加。
这些在散发性 ALS 病例中的发现与 ALS 实验模型中的观察结果一致,表明 IFNγ 触发的 LIGHT/LT-βR 介导的死亡途径可能有助于人类 ALS 的发病机制。