Food and Environment Research Agency (Fera), Sand Hutton, York, UK.
Vet Parasitol. 2012 May 4;186(1-2):65-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.047. Epub 2011 Nov 20.
Infections with gastrointestinal roundworms are an important cause of production losses in sheep and cattle. Worm control is a vital part of health and production management in sheep flocks and cattle herds in the UK, and good control is highly dependent on effective anthelmintics. Unfortunately, a direct and unavoidable consequence of using anthelmintics to control worm populations is selection for individuals that are resistant to the chemicals used. If left unchecked, anthelmintic resistance (AR) could prove to be one of the biggest challenges to sheep and cattle production and animal welfare within the UK. As a consequence of increasing reports of AR in sheep, a working group, "SCOPS" (sustainable control of parasites in sheep) was formed in 2003 with representatives from the UK sheep industry to promote practical guidelines for sheep farmers and their advisors. This led to the production of guidelines for 'sustainable worm control strategies for sheep' intended for veterinarians and sheep advisors, plus ongoing promotional literature aimed at farmers. Whilst there is some evidence of emerging resistance in roundworms of cattle, it appears to still be at a very low level in the UK. However the potential presence of such AR in cattle worms has been seen as a timely warning, which if ignored, could lead to a not dissimilar AR situation to that seen in sheep, and in other cattle areas around the world. Reports of AR in UK cattle nematodes have generally been limited to a small number of anecdotal reports of treatment failure with some macrocyclic lactone (ML) products, especially those formulated as pour-on preparations, and invariably involving the dose-limiting species, Cooperia oncophora. As a consequence of these observations, guidelines have been produced similar to those for sheep, for sustainable worm control strategies for cattle "COWS" (control of worms sustainably), and were launched in May 2010. Uptake and effectiveness of SCOPS recommendations are currently being monitored in collaboration with the UK animal health industry, and similar proposals are being considered for uptake of COWS guidelines following the launch this year.
胃肠道线虫感染是绵羊和牛生产损失的一个重要原因。在英国，羊群和牛群的健康和生产管理中，寄生虫控制是一个至关重要的环节，而良好的控制高度依赖于有效的驱虫药。不幸的是，使用驱虫药控制寄生虫种群的一个直接且不可避免的后果是，选择了对所用化学物质具有抗性的个体。如果不加控制，驱虫药耐药性（AR）可能成为英国绵羊和牛生产以及动物福利的最大挑战之一。由于越来越多的关于绵羊 AR 的报告，一个名为“SCOPS”（绵羊寄生虫的可持续控制）的工作组于 2003 年成立，成员来自英国绵羊产业，旨在为绵羊农民及其顾问推广实用指南。这导致了为兽医和绵羊顾问制定了“可持续的绵羊寄生虫控制策略”指南，以及针对农民的持续推广文献。虽然有一些证据表明牛线虫出现了耐药性，但在英国，这种耐药性似乎仍处于非常低的水平。然而，牛蠕虫中存在这种 AR 的可能性被视为一个及时的警告，如果忽视，可能导致与在绵羊中以及世界其他地区的牛中看到的类似的 AR 情况。英国牛线虫 AR 的报告通常仅限于少数用一些大环内酯（ML）产品治疗失败的轶事报告，特别是那些作为浇铸制剂配制的产品，并且无一例外地涉及剂量限制物种，旋毛虫。由于这些观察结果，类似于针对绵羊的 COWS（可持续控制蠕虫）指南已经为牛制定了可持续的蠕虫控制策略指南，并于 2010 年 5 月推出。目前正在与英国动物保健行业合作监测 SCOPS 建议的采用和有效性，并考虑在今年推出 COWS 指南后，采用这些建议。
