Martínez-Valladares M, Geurden T, Bartram D J, Martínez-Pérez J M, Robles-Pérez D, Bohórquez A, Florez E, Meana A, Rojo-Vázquez F A
Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Finca de Marzanas, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain.
Zoetis, Mercuriusstraat 20, 1930 Zaventem, Belgium.
Vet Parasitol. 2015 Jul 30;211(3-4):228-33. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.05.024. Epub 2015 Jun 4.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the status of anthelmintic resistance (AR) in ruminants and horses in Spain. The efficacy of commonly used macrocyclic lactones (MLs) - ivermectin (IVM) and moxidectin (MOX) - was measured in sheep, cattle and horses. In addition, albendazole (ABZ) and levamisole (LEV) were evaluated in sheep and oxibendazole (OXI) and pyrantel (PYR) in horses. Efficacy was evaluated based on the difference between the arithmetic mean pre- and post-treatment faecal egg count (in cattle and horses), or compared to an untreated control group (in sheep). AR was present when the percentage reduction in egg count was <95% and the lower 95% confidence interval (CI) was <90%; if only one of these two criteria was met, the finding was recorded as suspected AR (SAR). In horses, AR-PYR and OXI was considered when the percentage reduction in egg count was ≤ 90% and the lower 95% CI was ≤ 80%. For each animal species, at least 10 study sites were selected. AR to at least one of the drugs was detected in all 10 sheep flocks; the main parasite identified after treatment was Teladorsagia circumcincta. Moreover, in 5 flocks multidrug resistance was identified, on 4 farms to drugs from different families, on one farm to both MOX and IVM and on another farm to all drugs tested. In cattle, the efficacy of both MOX and IVM was 100% on 4 and 3 farms, respectively, and therefore 60% of these farms were considered to have AR or SAR to both MLs. The most frequent parasite identified after treatment was Trichostrongylus spp., although Ostertagia ostertagi was also identified after treatment on one farm. In contrast to ruminants, the 4 drugs evaluated in horses were highly efficacious against strongyles, with efficacies for the MLs and OXI between 95 and 100% and between 94 and 100% for PYR, although 3 herds were SAR against PYR. In conclusion, AR to at least one of the commonly used drugs was identified on all sheep flocks investigated in the northwest of Spain. The occurrence of AR to MLs in cattle was higher than expected but consistent with what was observed in sheep. In horses, all currently used drugs were confirmed as effective against strongyles.
本研究的目的是评估西班牙反刍动物和马匹的驱虫抗性（AR）状况。在绵羊、牛和马中测定了常用大环内酯类药物（MLs）——伊维菌素（IVM）和莫西菌素（MOX）的疗效。此外，还在绵羊中评估了阿苯达唑（ABZ）和左旋咪唑（LEV），在马中评估了奥昔苯达唑（OXI）和噻嘧啶（PYR）。根据治疗前后粪便虫卵计数的算术平均值之差（牛和马）来评估疗效，或与未治疗的对照组（绵羊）进行比较。当虫卵计数减少百分比<95%且95%置信区间下限（CI）<90%时，存在AR；如果只满足这两个标准中的一个，则将结果记录为疑似AR（SAR）。在马中，当虫卵计数减少百分比≤90%且95%CI下限≤80%时，认为存在AR-PYR和OXI。对于每种动物，至少选择了10个研究地点。在所有10个绵羊群中均检测到对至少一种药物的AR；治疗后鉴定出的主要寄生虫是环形泰勒虫。此外，在5个羊群中鉴定出多药抗性，在4个农场对不同家族的药物有抗性，在一个农场对MOX和IVM均有抗性，在另一个农场对所有测试药物均有抗性。在牛中，MOX和IVM的疗效分别在4个和3个农场为100%，因此这些农场中有60%被认为对两种MLs均有AR或SAR。治疗后鉴定出的最常见寄生虫是毛圆线虫属，尽管在一个农场治疗后也鉴定出了奥斯特他加虫。与反刍动物不同，在马中评估的4种药物对圆线虫高度有效，MLs和OXI的疗效在95%至100%之间，PYR的疗效在94%至100%之间，尽管有3个牛群对PYR为SAR。总之，在西班牙西北部调查的所有绵羊群中均鉴定出对至少一种常用药物的AR。牛中对MLs的AR发生率高于预期，但与在绵羊中观察到的情况一致。在马中，所有目前使用的药物均被证实对圆线虫有效。
