Center for Air Resource Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5708, USA.
Environ Monit Assess. 2012 Dec;184(12):7293-7. doi: 10.1007/s10661-011-2497-5. Epub 2012 Jan 6.
In ambient particle source apportionment studies, data for holidays such as July 4 (US Independence Day) are normally removed because of the high concentrations of chemical species and unusually high particle mass concentrations that are due to fireworks. Many cultures celebrate events with fireworks. A near real-time measurement that could indicate fireworks would be useful in indicating their impact on air quality. Commonly monitored ambient pollutants include PM(2.5), CO, SO(2), O(3), 10-500-nm particle number, and black carbon (BC). Using a two-wavelength aethalometer, another parameter, delta-C (UVBC(370 nm)-BC(880 nm), aethalometer), can be calculated. These variables were continuously monitored during July 1-7, 2005-2010, in Rochester, New York. High delta-C values are normally associated with biomass combustion particles. However, statistically higher delta-C values were observed on Independence Day compared to the other period. Back trajectory analysis showed transport of local fireworks smoke to the sampling site on the night of July 4. An enhanced correlation between delta-C and BC during the fireworks episodes suggests changes from the usual BC sources. Fireworks emissions changed the ambient carbonaceous particulate species during these intervals. The delta-C value was found to be a readily measured indicator of fireworks emissions during periods when wood combustion was not likely to be present and provides a tool for monitoring such emissions where they might be more common such as amusement parks.
在环境粒子源分配研究中，通常会删除 7 月 4 日（美国独立日）等节假日的数据，因为烟花会导致化学物质浓度和粒子质量浓度异常高。许多文化都用烟花来庆祝活动。一种能够指示烟花的实时近测量将有助于表明它们对空气质量的影响。通常监测的环境污染物包括 PM(2.5)、CO、SO(2)、O(3)、10-500nm 粒子数和黑碳 (BC)。使用双波长黑碳仪，可以计算另一个参数，即 delta-C（UVBC(370nm)-BC(880nm)，黑碳仪）。这些变量在 2005 年至 2010 年 7 月 1 日至 7 日期间在纽约罗彻斯特连续监测。高 delta-C 值通常与生物质燃烧颗粒有关。然而，与其他时期相比，独立日的 delta-C 值观察到统计上更高。后向轨迹分析显示，当地烟花烟雾在 7 月 4 日晚上被输送到采样点。在烟花事件期间，delta-C 与 BC 之间的相关性增强表明，BC 的通常来源发生了变化。在这些时间段内，烟花排放改变了环境含碳颗粒物质。发现 delta-C 值是在不太可能存在木材燃烧的时期监测烟花排放的一种易于测量的指标，并为监测可能更常见的娱乐场所等排放提供了一种工具。
