Grando Sergei A
Departments of Dermatology and Biological Chemistry, University of California, 134 Sprague Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2012(208):429-50. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-23274-9_18.
The stratified epithelium enveloping the skin and lining the surfaces of oral and vaginal mucosa is comprised by keratinocytes that synthesize, secrete, degrade, and respond to acetylcholine via muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. The two pathways may compete or synergize with one another, so that net biologic effect represents the biologic sum of the effects of distinct acetylcholine receptors expressed by a keratinocyte at a particular stage of its development. Keratinocytes express a unique combination of muscarinic receptor subtypes at each stage of their development. Experimental results indicate that muscarinic receptors expressed in human keratinocytes regulate their viability, proliferation, migration, adhesion, and terminal differentiation, hair follicle cycling, and secretion of humectants, cytokines, and growth factors. Learning the muscarinic pharmacology of keratinocyte development and functions has salient clinical implications for patients with nonhealing wounds, mucocutaneous cancers, and various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Successful therapy of pemphigus lesions with topical pilocarpine and disappearance of psoriatic lesions due to systemic atropine therapy illustrate that such therapeutic approach is feasible.
覆盖皮肤以及口腔和阴道黏膜表面的复层上皮由角质形成细胞组成，这些角质形成细胞通过毒蕈碱型和烟碱型受体合成、分泌、降解乙酰胆碱并对其作出反应。这两条途径可能相互竞争或协同作用，因此净生物学效应代表角质形成细胞在其发育的特定阶段所表达的不同乙酰胆碱受体效应的生物学总和。角质形成细胞在其发育的每个阶段都表达独特组合的毒蕈碱受体亚型。实验结果表明，人角质形成细胞中表达的毒蕈碱受体调节其活力、增殖、迁移、黏附、终末分化、毛囊周期以及保湿剂、细胞因子和生长因子的分泌。了解角质形成细胞发育和功能的毒蕈碱药理学对患有难愈合伤口、黏膜皮肤癌以及各种自身免疫性和炎症性疾病的患者具有显著的临床意义。局部使用毛果芸香碱成功治疗天疱疮皮损以及全身使用阿托品治疗使银屑病皮损消退，说明这种治疗方法是可行的。
