Department of Psychology, Fylde College, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YF, UK.
Biol Psychol. 2012 Feb;89(2):477-86. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.12.017. Epub 2012 Jan 3.
The role of carbohydrates on mood and cognition is fairly well established, however research examining the behavioural effects of the other macronutrients is limited. The current study compared the effects of a 25 g glucose drink to energetically matched protein and fat drinks and an inert placebo. Following a blind, placebo-controlled, randomised crossover design, 18 healthy young adults consumed drinks containing fat, glucose, protein and placebo. Cognitive performance was examined at baseline and again 15- and 60 min post drink. Mood was assessed at baseline and then 10-, 35- and 80 min post drink. Attention and speed were enhanced 15 min following fat or glucose ingestion and working memory was enhanced 15 min following protein ingestion. Sixty minutes post drink memory enhancements were observed after protein and memory impairment was observed following glucose. All drinks increased ratings of alertness. The findings suggest that macronutrients: (i) have different windows of opportunity for effects (ii) target different cognitive domains.
碳水化合物对情绪和认知的影响已经得到了充分的证实，然而，关于其他宏量营养素的行为影响的研究还很有限。本研究比较了 25 克葡萄糖饮料与能量匹配的蛋白质和脂肪饮料以及惰性安慰剂的作用。采用盲法、安慰剂对照、随机交叉设计，18 名健康的年轻成年人分别饮用含有脂肪、葡萄糖、蛋白质和安慰剂的饮料。在基线和饮料摄入后 15 分钟和 60 分钟时进行认知表现测试。在基线和饮料摄入后 10 分钟、35 分钟和 80 分钟时评估情绪。脂肪或葡萄糖摄入后 15 分钟注意力和速度提高，蛋白质摄入后 15 分钟工作记忆提高。摄入蛋白质 60 分钟后记忆增强，摄入葡萄糖后记忆受损。所有饮料都提高了警觉性评分。研究结果表明，宏量营养素：（i）有不同的作用窗口期；（ii）针对不同的认知领域。
