Department of Epidemiology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
J Nutr. 2012 Feb;142(2):340-9. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.146258. Epub 2012 Jan 5.
Hypotheses regarding the role of meat consumption in body weight modulation are contradictory. Prospective studies on an association between meat consumption and BMI change are limited. We assessed the association between meat consumption and change in BMI over time in 3902 men and women aged 55-69 y from the Netherlands Cohort Study. Dietary intake was estimated at baseline using a FFQ. BMI was ascertained through baseline self-reported height (1986) and weight (1986, 1992, and 2000). Analyses were based on sex-specific categories of daily total fresh meat, red meat, beef, pork, minced meat, chicken, processed meat, and fish consumption at baseline. Linear mixed effect modeling adjusted for confounders was used to assess longitudinal associations. Significant cross-sectional differences in BMI between quintiles of total meat intake were observed (P-trend < 0.01; both sexes). No association between total fresh meat consumption and prospective BMI change was observed in men (BMI change highest vs. lowest quintile after 14 y: -0.06 kg/m²; P = 0.75) and women (BMI change: 0.26 kg/m²; P = 0.20). Men with the highest intake of beef experienced a significantly lower increase in BMI after 6 and 14 y than those with the lowest intake (BMI change after 14 y 0.60 kg/m²). After 14 y, a significantly higher increase in BMI was associated with higher intakes of pork in women (BMI change highest vs. lowest quintile: 0.47 kg/m²) and chicken in both sexes (BMI change highest vs. lowest category in both men and women: 0.36 kg/m²). The results remained similar when stratifying on median baseline BMI, and age-stratified analyses yielded mixed results. Differential BMI change effects were observed for several subtypes of meat. However, total meat consumption, or factors directly related to total meat intake, was not strongly associated with weight change during the 14-y prospective follow-up in this elderly population.
关于肉类消费在体重调节中的作用的假设是相互矛盾的。关于肉类消费与 BMI 变化之间关联的前瞻性研究有限。我们评估了 3902 名年龄在 55-69 岁的荷兰队列研究中的男性和女性的肉类消费与随时间变化的 BMI 之间的关联。在基线时使用 FFQ 估计饮食摄入量。BMI 通过基线时自我报告的身高（1986 年）和体重（1986 年、1992 年和 2000 年）确定。分析基于基线时每天总新鲜肉类、红色肉类、牛肉、猪肉、肉末、鸡肉、加工肉类和鱼类消费的性别特异性类别进行。使用线性混合效应模型调整混杂因素来评估纵向关联。在总肉类摄入量五分位数之间观察到 BMI 的显著横断面差异（P-trend < 0.01；两性）。在男性中，总新鲜肉类消费与前瞻性 BMI 变化之间没有关联（14 年后 BMI 变化最高与最低五分位组：-0.06 kg/m²；P = 0.75）和女性（BMI 变化：0.26 kg/m²；P = 0.20）。摄入最高牛肉的男性在 6 年和 14 年后 BMI 增加明显低于摄入最低牛肉的男性（14 年后 BMI 变化 0.60 kg/m²）。14 年后，女性摄入较高的猪肉与 BMI 显著增加相关（最高与最低五分位组 BMI 变化：0.47 kg/m²），两性摄入较高的鸡肉与 BMI 变化相关（男性和女性最高与最低类别 BMI 变化：0.36 kg/m²）。当按中位数基线 BMI 分层和年龄分层分析时，结果仍然相似，得到了混杂的结果。对于几种肉类亚类，观察到 BMI 变化的差异效应。然而，在这个老年人群的 14 年前瞻性随访中，总肉类消费或与总肉类摄入量直接相关的因素与体重变化没有很强的关联。
