Leplow B
Department of Psychology, University of Kiel, F.R.G.
Behav Res Ther. 1990;28(4):359-65. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(90)90091-v.
Data from 184 biofeedback sessions are presented, in which 10 subjects with spasmodic torticollis had been trained to reduce pathologic activity in the hypertrophied sternocleidomastoid muscle. Each session was conducted as a single case experiment with nine successive trials. Attempts were made to distinguish motor learning processes which can be elicited independently from the biofeedback-condition from the effects of specific biofeedback information. Results showed dramatic decreases of muscle activity under biofeedback. Contrary to expectation, action potentials did not decrease across a course of 14 training sessions. Instead, effects were exhibited in an all-or-none fashion early in the training. Single-case ARIMA intervention analysis has shown that in 59% of the sessions EMG decreases demonstrated under biofeedback could be elicited prior to biofeedback in a condition of instructed control. Case studies revealed complex interactions of instructed control, specific biofeedback effects, unspecific effects of the biofeedback setting, and cognitive processes. Effects obtained within experimental sessions varied highly between subjects. Results are discussed in terms of newer concepts of basal ganglia dysfunction, and conclusions for the use of biofeedback paradigms in torticollis subjects are outlined.
本文呈现了184次生物反馈治疗的数据，其中10名痉挛性斜颈患者接受了训练，以减少肥厚的胸锁乳突肌的病理活动。每次治疗都作为一个单病例实验进行，包括九次连续试验。研究试图区分可独立于生物反馈条件引发的运动学习过程与特定生物反馈信息的效果。结果显示，在生物反馈作用下肌肉活动显著降低。与预期相反，在14次训练过程中动作电位并未降低。相反，在训练早期以全或无的方式呈现出效果。单病例自回归整合移动平均干预分析表明，在59%的治疗中，生物反馈下显示的肌电图降低在指令控制条件下可在生物反馈之前引发。案例研究揭示了指令控制、特定生物反馈效果、生物反馈环境的非特定效果以及认知过程之间的复杂相互作用。实验过程中获得的效果在不同受试者之间差异很大。本文根据基底神经节功能障碍的新概念进行了讨论，并概述了在斜颈患者中使用生物反馈模式的结论。
