Environmental and Occupational Medicine, EOHSI, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Environ Res. 2012 Jan;112:8-19. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.12.007. Epub 2012 Jan 9.
We examined total mercury and selenium levels in muscle of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) collected from 2005 to 2008 from coastal New Jersey. Of primary interest was whether there were differences in mercury and selenium levels as a function of size and location, and whether the legal size limits increased the exposure of bass consumers to mercury. We obtained samples mainly from recreational anglers, but also by seine and trawl. For the entire sample (n=178 individual fish), the mean (±standard error) for total mercury was 0.39±0.02 μg/g (=0.39 ppm, wet weight basis) with a maximum of 1.3 μg/g (=1.3 ppm wet weight). Mean selenium level was 0.30±0.01 μg/g (w/w) with a maximum of 0.9 μg/g). Angler-caught fish (n=122) were constrained by legal size limits to exceed 61 cm (24 in.) and averaged 72.6±1.3 cm long; total mercury averaged 0.48±0.021 μg/g and selenium averaged 0.29±0.01 μg/g. For comparable sizes, angler-caught fish had significantly higher mercury levels (0.3 vs 0.21 μg/g) than trawled fish. In both the total and angler-only samples, mercury was strongly correlated with length (Kendall tau=0.37; p<0.0001) and weight (0.38; p<0.0001), but was not correlated with condition or with selenium. In the whole sample and all subsamples, total length yielded the highest r(2) (up to 0.42) of any variable for both mercury and selenium concentrations. Trawled fish from Long Branch in August and Sandy Hook in October were the same size (68.9 vs 70.1cm) and had the same mercury concentrations (0.22 vs 0.21 ppm), but different selenium levels (0.11 vs 0.28 ppm). The seined fish (all from Delaware Bay) had the same mercury concentration as the trawled fish from the Atlantic coast despite being smaller. Angler-caught fish from the North (Sandy Hook) were larger but had significantly lower mercury than fish from the South (mainly Cape May). Selenium levels were high in small fish, low in medium-sized fish, and increased again in larger fish, but overall selenium was correlated with length (tau=0.14; p=0.006) and weight (tau=0.27; p<0.0001). Length-squared contributed significantly to selenium models, reflecting the non-linear relationship. Inter-year differences were explained partly by differences in sizes. The selenium:mercury molar ratio was below 1:1 in 20% of the fish and 25% of the angler-caught fish. Frequent consumption of large striped bass can result in exposure above the EPA's reference dose, a problem particularly for fetal development.
我们研究了 2005 年至 2008 年期间从新泽西海岸采集的条纹鲈（Morone saxatilis）肌肉中的总汞和硒含量。主要关注的是，汞和硒的含量是否因大小和位置的不同而有所差异，以及法律规定的尺寸限制是否会增加鲈鱼消费者接触汞的风险。我们主要从休闲垂钓者那里获取样本，但也通过围网和拖网捕捞。对于整个样本（n=178 条鱼），总汞的平均值（±标准误差）为 0.39±0.02μg/g（=0.39ppm，湿重基础），最大值为 1.3μg/g（=1.3ppm 湿重）。硒的平均水平为 0.30±0.01μg/g（w/w），最大值为 0.9μg/g。由休闲垂钓者捕获的鱼（n=122）受法律尺寸限制，必须超过 61 厘米（24 英寸），平均长度为 72.6±1.3 厘米；总汞的平均水平为 0.48±0.021μg/g，硒的平均水平为 0.29±0.01μg/g。对于可比大小的鱼，休闲垂钓者捕获的鱼的汞含量明显高于拖网捕捞的鱼（0.3 与 0.21μg/g）。在总样本和仅包括垂钓者捕获的样本中，汞与长度（Kendall tau=0.37；p<0.0001）和体重（0.38；p<0.0001）呈强相关，但与条件或硒不相关。在整个样本和所有亚样本中，总长度对汞和硒浓度的任何变量的 r(2)（高达 0.42）的贡献最高。8 月在长滩和 10 月在桑迪胡克捕捞的拖网鱼大小相同（68.9 与 70.1 厘米），汞浓度相同（0.22 与 0.21ppm），但硒水平不同（0.11 与 0.28ppm）。尽管来自特拉华湾的围网鱼比来自大西洋海岸的拖网鱼小，但它们的汞浓度与拖网鱼相同。来自北方（桑迪胡克）的休闲垂钓者捕获的鱼更大，但汞含量明显低于南方（主要是开普梅）的鱼。硒水平在小鱼中较高，在中等大小的鱼中较低，在较大的鱼中再次升高，但总体硒与长度（tau=0.14；p=0.006）和体重（tau=0.27；p<0.0001）相关。长度的平方对硒模型有显著贡献，反映了非线性关系。年度间的差异部分由大小的差异解释。20%的鱼和 25%的垂钓者捕获的鱼的硒与汞的摩尔比低于 1:1。频繁食用大条纹鲈可能会导致接触量超过 EPA 的参考剂量，这对胎儿发育尤其成问题。
