Bonkhoff Helmut
Pathology Laboratory, Großbeerenstraße 12, 12209 Berlin, Germany.
Prostate Cancer. 2012;2012:593241. doi: 10.1155/2012/593241. Epub 2011 Sep 8.
Tissue markers may be helpful in enhancing prediction of radiation therapy (RT) failure of prostate cancer (PCa). Among the various biomarkers tested in Phase III randomized trials conducted by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, p16, Ki-67, MDM2, COX-2, and PKA yielded the most robust data in predicting RT failure. Other pathways involved in RT failure are also implicated in the development of castration-resistant PCa, including the hypersensitive androgen receptor, EGFR, VEGF-R, and PI3K/Akt. Most of them are detectable in PCa tissue even at the time of initial diagnosis. Emerging evidence suggests that RT failure of PCa results from a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease process. A number of tissue markers are available to identify patients at high risk to fail RT. Some of these markers have the promise to be targeted by drugs currently available to enhance the efficacy of RT and delay disease progression.
组织标志物可能有助于提高前列腺癌（PCa）放射治疗（RT）失败的预测。在放射治疗肿瘤学组进行的III期随机试验中测试的各种生物标志物中，p16、Ki-67、MDM2、COX-2和PKA在预测RT失败方面产生了最可靠的数据。RT失败所涉及的其他途径也与去势抵抗性PCa的发展有关，包括超敏雄激素受体、表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）、血管内皮生长因子受体（VEGF-R）和磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶/蛋白激酶B（PI3K/Akt）。即使在初始诊断时，其中大多数在PCa组织中也可检测到。新出现的证据表明，PCa的RT失败是由多因素和异质性疾病过程导致的。有多种组织标志物可用于识别RT失败风险高的患者。其中一些标志物有望被目前可用的药物靶向，以提高RT的疗效并延缓疾病进展。
