Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
Allergy. 2012 Mar;67(3):343-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02771.x. Epub 2012 Jan 9.
Prebiotic galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) resembling non-digestible oligosaccharides in human milk reduce the development of atopic disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Galectins are soluble-type lectins recognizing β-galactoside containing glycans. Galectin-9 has been shown to regulate mast cell degranulation and T-cell differentiation. In this study, the involvement of galectin-9 as a mechanism by which scGOS/lcFOS in combination with Bifidobacterium breve M-16V protects against acute allergic symptoms was investigated.
Mice were sensitized orally to whey, while being fed with a diet containing scGOS/lcFOS and Bifidobacterium breve M-16V (GF/Bb) or a control diet. Galectin-9 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in the intestine and measured in the serum by ELISA. T-cell differentiation was investigated in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) as well as in galectin-9-exposed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultures. Sera of the mice were evaluated for the capacity to suppress mast cell degranulation using a RBL-2H3 degranulation assay. In addition, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial, galectin-9 levels were measured in the sera of 90 infants with atopic dermatitis who received hydrolyzed formulae with or without GF/Bb.
Galectin-9 expression by intestinal epithelial cells and serum galectin-9 levels were increased in mice and humans following dietary intervention with GF/Bb and correlated with reduced acute allergic skin reaction and mast cell degranulation. In addition, GF/Bb enhanced T(h)1- and T(reg)-cell differentiation in MLN and in PBMC cultures exposed to galectin-9.
Dietary supplementation with GF/Bb enhances serum galectin-9 levels, which associates with the prevention of allergic symptoms.
与人乳中不可消化的低聚糖类似的益生元半乳糖和果糖低聚糖（scGOS/lcFOS）可减少特应性疾病的发生。然而，其潜在机制尚不清楚。半乳糖凝集素是识别含β-半乳糖苷聚糖的可溶性凝集素。已经表明半乳糖凝集素-9可调节肥大细胞脱颗粒和 T 细胞分化。在这项研究中，研究了 scGOS/lcFOS 与短双歧杆菌 M-16V 联合使用作为一种机制，通过该机制 scGOS/lcFOS 联合短双歧杆菌 M-16V（GF/Bb）可预防急性过敏症状。
通过口服乳清对小鼠进行致敏，同时给予含有 scGOS/lcFOS 和短双歧杆菌 M-16V（GF/Bb）的饮食或对照饮食。通过免疫组织化学法在肠道中测定半乳糖凝集素-9 的表达，并通过 ELISA 在血清中测定半乳糖凝集素-9 的水平。在肠系膜淋巴结（MLN）以及暴露于半乳糖凝集素-9 的外周血单核细胞（PBMC）培养物中研究 T 细胞分化。使用 RBL-2H3 脱颗粒测定法评估小鼠血清抑制肥大细胞脱颗粒的能力。此外，在一项双盲、安慰剂对照的多中心试验中，测量了 90 名患有特应性皮炎的婴儿的血清中半乳糖凝集素-9 的水平，这些婴儿接受了含有或不含有 GF/Bb 的水解配方奶粉。
GF/Bb 饮食干预后，小鼠和人类的肠道上皮细胞表达半乳糖凝集素-9 和血清半乳糖凝集素-9 水平增加，与急性过敏皮肤反应和肥大细胞脱颗粒减少相关。此外，GF/Bb 增强了 MLN 中的 Th1 和 Treg 细胞分化，以及暴露于半乳糖凝集素-9 的 PBMC 培养物中的分化。
GF/Bb 的膳食补充可提高血清半乳糖凝集素-9 水平，与预防过敏症状有关。
