University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2012 Aug;55(4):1007-21. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2011/10-0272). Epub 2012 Jan 9.
The relatedness of tense morphemes in the language of children younger than 3 years of age is a matter of controversy. Generativist accounts predict that the morphemes will be related, whereas usage-based accounts predict the absence of relationships. This study focused on the increasing productivity of the 5 morphemes in the tense productivity score (copula BE, third-person singular present - 3s, past - ed, auxiliary DO, auxiliary BE; Hadley & Short, 2005) and their relationship to one another.
Twenty typically developing children were observed longitudinally from 21 to 33 months of age. One hour of naturalistic caregiver-child interaction sampled every 3 months was analyzed.
Copula BE was more productive than all other morphemes from age 27 months onward. Auxiliary BE was significantly less productive than - 3s, - ed, and DO from age 27 months onward. Evaluation of third-person singular tense morphemes at age 33 months revealed that the productivity scores of copula is, - 3s, and does were all correlated.
There is sequence and simultaneity in development that no prior framework has fully explained, as well as evidence of cross-morpheme relationships. In this article, the authors interpret these findings as support for the gradual morphosyntactic learning hypothesis ( Rispoli & Hadley, 2011; Rispoli, Hadley, & Holt, 2009).
3 岁以下儿童语言中时态词素的相关性是一个有争议的问题。生成语法理论预测这些词素之间存在关联，而基于用法的理论则预测它们之间不存在关联。本研究主要关注 5 个时态词素（系动词 BE、第三人称单数现在时 - 3s、过去时-ed、助动词 DO、助动词 BE；Hadley 和 Short，2005）在时态生产力得分中的逐渐提高的生产力及其相互关系。
20 名典型发展的儿童从 21 个月到 33 个月进行纵向观察。每 3 个月分析一次自然主义的照顾者-儿童互动中的 1 小时样本。
从 27 个月开始，系动词 BE 的生产力就高于其他所有词素。从 27 个月开始，助动词 BE 的生产力明显低于 - 3s、- ed 和 DO。在 33 个月时评估第三人称单数时态词素，发现系动词 is、- 3s 和 does 的生产力得分都相关。
发展过程中存在序列和同时性，没有任何先前的框架能够完全解释，也有跨词素关系的证据。在本文中，作者将这些发现解释为对逐渐形态句法学习假说的支持（Rispoli 和 Hadley，2011；Rispoli、Hadley 和 Holt，2009）。
