Talarowska Monika, Florkowski Antoni, Zboralski Krzysztof, Gałecki Piotr
Klinika Psychiatrii Dorosłych UM w Łodzi.
Psychiatr Pol. 2011 Jul-Aug;45(4):495-504.
The comorbidity of depression and dementia has been extensively studied. Four main hypotheses have been suggested to explain the relationship between depression and dementia: 1. depression may be a psychological reaction to perceived cognitive decline, 2. depression may be an early symptom of dementia, 3. depression may be an etiologic risk factor for the onset of dementia, and 4. dementia and depression share common risk factors. The objective of this study was to examine the differences between depressive disorders and organic depressive disorders by using two neuropsychological tests.
A sample of 61 persons aged 23-62 years participated in the study. Patients who took part in the investigation were divided into two groups: depressive disorders (DD, n = 30), organic depressive disorders (ODD, n = 31). Cognitive functions were evaluated by the Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT) and Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test (BVMGT).
Relevant statistical differences among examined group were observed: in BVRT correct answers (p = 0.006), errors (p < 0.001); in BVMGT: (p < 0.001). DD patients achieved higher results in psychological test than ODD patients. DD group (average) in BVRT: correct answers (-1.33), errors (2.31); BVMGT (average): (50.37). ODD group (average) in BVRT: correct answers (-2.71), errors (5.81); BVMGT (average): (72.01).
Patients with organic depressive disorders achieved significantly lower results than patients with depressive disorders in BVRT and BVMGT.
抑郁症与痴呆症的共病现象已得到广泛研究。人们提出了四种主要假说来解释抑郁症与痴呆症之间的关系：1. 抑郁症可能是对感知到的认知衰退的一种心理反应；2. 抑郁症可能是痴呆症的早期症状；3. 抑郁症可能是痴呆症发病的病因风险因素；4. 痴呆症和抑郁症有共同的风险因素。本研究的目的是通过两项神经心理学测试来检验抑郁症与器质性抑郁症之间的差异。
61名年龄在23至62岁之间的人参与了本研究。参与调查的患者被分为两组：抑郁症组（DD，n = 30）、器质性抑郁症组（ODD，n = 31）。通过本顿视觉保持测验（BVRT）和本德视觉-运动完形测验（BVMGT）评估认知功能。
在被检查的组之间观察到了相关的统计学差异：在BVRT的正确答案方面（p = 0.006），错误方面（p < 0.001）；在BVMGT方面：（p < 0.001）。抑郁症患者在心理测试中的成绩高于器质性抑郁症患者。抑郁症组（平均）在BVRT中的表现：正确答案（-1.33），错误（2.31）；BVMGT（平均）：（50.37）。器质性抑郁症组（平均）在BVRT中的表现：正确答案（-2.71），错误（5.81）；BVMGT（平均）：（72.01）。
在BVRT和BVMGT中，器质性抑郁症患者的成绩显著低于抑郁症患者。
