Discipline of Public Health, School of Population Health and Clinical Practice, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012 Jun;66(6):658-66. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.219. Epub 2012 Jan 11.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) have previously shown that dietary patterns are observable by 3 years. However, it is not clear when dietary patterns emerge. We aimed to describe dietary patterns in early life and their associations with maternal and infant sociodemographic characteristics.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Principal component analysis was applied to diet questionnaires of ALSPAC participants at 6 months (n = 7052) and 15 months (n = 5610) to extract dietary patterns. The sociodemographic factors associated with dietary patterns were investigated using regression analyses.
Four dietary patterns were extracted at both 6 and 15 months. A traditional-style pattern characterized by home-prepared meats, vegetables and desserts, a second pattern characterized by ready-prepared baby foods and a third pattern characterized by discretionary foods such as biscuits, sweets and crisps were identified at both ages. At 6 months, the fourth pattern was characterized predominantly by breastfeeding and at 15 months, by contemporary-style foods including herbs, legumes, nuts, raw fruit and vegetables. Higher maternal age and education, number of siblings and lower body mass index (BMI) was associated with higher scores on the breastfeeding or meat, vegetables and desserts patterns, whereas higher discretionary food pattern scores were associated with younger maternal age, lower education, higher BMI and more siblings. Associations between sociodemographic factors and the ready-prepared baby food pattern scores were inconsistent across ages.
Dietary patterns emerge from infancy and are associated with sociodemographic characteristics.
背景/目的：先前来自阿冯纵向研究父母和儿童（ALSPAC）的数据表明，饮食模式在 3 岁时即可观察到。然而，饮食模式何时出现尚不清楚。我们旨在描述生命早期的饮食模式及其与母婴社会人口特征的关系。
采用主成分分析法对 ALSPAC 参与者在 6 个月（n=7052）和 15 个月（n=5610）时的饮食问卷进行分析，以提取饮食模式。使用回归分析调查与饮食模式相关的社会人口因素。
在 6 个月和 15 个月时均提取出 4 种饮食模式。一个以自制肉类、蔬菜和甜点为特征的传统饮食模式，一个以即食婴儿食品为特征的第二个模式，以及一个以饼干、糖果和薯片等可自由支配的食物为特征的第三个模式，在两个年龄段都存在。在 6 个月时，第四个模式主要以母乳喂养为特征，而在 15 个月时，以包括草药、豆类、坚果、生水果和蔬菜在内的现代食品为特征。母亲年龄和教育程度较高、兄弟姐妹较多、体重指数（BMI）较低与母乳喂养或肉类、蔬菜和甜点模式得分较高有关，而可自由支配的食物模式得分较高与母亲年龄较小、教育程度较低、BMI 较高和兄弟姐妹较多有关。社会人口因素与即食婴儿食品模式得分之间的关联在不同年龄段不一致。
饮食模式在婴儿期出现，并与社会人口特征有关。
