Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 80210-170, Brazil.
Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, Brazil.
J Nutr Sci. 2021 May 14;10:e37. doi: 10.1017/jns.2021.26. eCollection 2021.
Identifying dietary patterns in different environments attended by children is relevant to guide public politics. The aim of this study was to analyse the factors associated with dietary patterns of children under 2 years of age in childcare centres and at homes. This transversal study was enrolled in municipal childcare centres of Guaratuba, Paraná, Brazil. Food consumption data from 256 children were obtained by the food record method. From the consumption data, four dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis using the principal component method in each environment. 'Traditional' patterns were observed in both environments; the 'less healthy' pattern was found only at homes. Other patterns identified in childcare centres include 'snacks', 'nutritive' and 'pasta and meats'; at homes, it was possible to identify patterns such as 'milk and cereals' and 'mixed'. Children over 12 months presented higher scores for all the patterns in both environments. Obese children had lower scores for all the patterns in childcare centres. There was an association between maternal age below 21 years and higher adherence to a 'less healthy' pattern, maternal level of education less than 8 years and lower adherence to the 'mixed' pattern and lower familiar income per capita and higher adherence to the 'snacks' and 'traditional' patterns in childcare centres. In conclusion, adherence to dietary patterns was associated with socio-economic, demographic variables and nutritional status and further studies are needed, especially those with a longitudinal design, enabling the monitoring of dietary patterns.
在不同的儿童环境中识别饮食模式与指导公共政策有关。本研究旨在分析儿童在托儿所和家庭中与饮食模式相关的因素。本横断面研究在巴西巴拉那州瓜拉图巴的市立托儿所进行。通过食物记录法获得了 256 名儿童的食物消费数据。从消费数据中，在每个环境中使用主成分法通过因子分析确定了四个饮食模式。在两个环境中均观察到“传统”模式；仅在家中发现“不太健康”模式。在托儿所中还确定了其他模式，包括“零食”、“营养”和“意大利面和肉类”；在家中，可以识别出“牛奶和谷物”和“混合”模式。在两个环境中，12 个月以上的儿童的所有模式得分均较高。肥胖儿童在托儿所的所有模式得分均较低。在 21 岁以下的母亲年龄与更高的“不太健康”模式的一致性、少于 8 年的母亲教育水平与“混合”模式的一致性较低以及更低的家庭人均收入与“零食”和“传统”模式的一致性较高之间存在关联。总之，饮食模式的一致性与社会经济、人口统计学变量和营养状况有关，需要进一步研究，特别是那些具有纵向设计的研究，以监测饮食模式。
