Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2012 Feb;37(1):106-14. doi: 10.1139/h11-142. Epub 2012 Jan 11.
Epidemiological studies have linked small birth weight and lack of breastfeeding to type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to determine if (i) small birth weight promotes and (ii) suckling prevents the development of adiposity and diabetes biomarkers in a Yucatan miniature pig model. At 3 days of age, the intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) piglet (n = 6) was paired with a normal weight (NW), same-sex littermate (n = 6) and fed milk replacer for 4 weeks. A sow-fed normal weight littermate (n = 6) was also compared with the NW littermate to assess the effects of suckling. All pigs were fed a standard diet ad libitum for 5 h·day(-1) from week 4. At 9.5 months, pigs underwent intravenous glucose tolerance (IVGTT) and insulin sensitivity tests (IST). At 10 months, tissues were harvested for fat analysis and pancreas histology. IUGR pigs demonstrated compensatory growth before sexual maturity and had greater subcutaneous fat depth; birth weight also negatively correlated with visceral fat content. Visceral and subcutaneous adiposity were greater in females than males. IVGTT and IST outcomes were not different due to birth weight or suckling. However, visceral adiposity was associated with several glucose tolerance outcomes and females were more glucose intolerant due to their greater adiposity. Pancreas insulin content or histology outcomes were not different. This model did not develop markers of type 2 diabetes mellitus because of small birth weight or formula feeding. However, visceral adiposity and sex were associated with glucose intolerance, which is consistent with data in humans.
流行病学研究将出生体重小和母乳喂养不足与 2 型糖尿病联系起来。本研究旨在确定（i）出生体重小是否会促进和（ii）哺乳是否会预防肥胖和糖尿病生物标志物在尤卡坦小型猪模型中的发展。在出生后 3 天，宫内生长受限（IUGR）仔猪（n = 6）与正常体重（NW）、同性别同窝仔配对（n = 6）并喂食代乳粉 4 周。还比较了一头哺乳期母猪喂养的正常体重同窝仔与 NW 同窝仔，以评估哺乳的影响。所有仔猪从第 4 周开始，在 5 小时/天的时间内自由进食标准饮食。在 9.5 个月时，猪进行了静脉葡萄糖耐量（IVGTT）和胰岛素敏感性测试（IST）。在 10 个月时，采集组织进行脂肪分析和胰腺组织学检查。IUGR 仔猪在性成熟前表现出补偿性生长，并且具有更大的皮下脂肪厚度；出生体重也与内脏脂肪含量呈负相关。雌性的内脏和皮下脂肪比雄性多。由于出生体重或哺乳，IVGTT 和 IST 结果没有差异。然而，内脏脂肪与多项葡萄糖耐量结果相关，并且由于脂肪较多，雌性的葡萄糖耐量较差。胰腺胰岛素含量或组织学结果没有差异。由于出生体重小或配方奶喂养，该模型未发展为 2 型糖尿病的标志物。然而，内脏脂肪和性别与葡萄糖耐量有关，这与人类的数据一致。
