Renal function, efficacy and safety postconversion from twice- to once-daily tacrolimus in stable liver recipients: an open-label multicenter study.

This multicenter, open-label, phase III study assessed renal function, safety, and efficacy in stable adult liver transplant recipients converted from tacrolimus twice-daily (BID) to once-daily (QD). Patients received tacrolimus BID for 6weeks before conversion to tacrolimus QD (1:1 [mg:mg] total daily dose basis) for 12weeks. Primary endpoint: change in steady state creatinine clearance (CrCl) between treatment phases. Of 112 patients enrolled, 98 were converted to QD dosing (full analysis set [FAS]). Mean (SD) tacrolimus dose was 3.7 (1.7) mg/day during BID and at conversion, and 3.9 (1.8) mg/day at Week 12. 74.5% of patients required no dose adjustment on conversion (FAS). Mean tacrolimus whole blood trough levels were at the lower end of the recommended range during tacrolimus BID and QD; the difference between mean steady-state trough levels was statistically significant (7.5ng/ml vs. 6.5ng/ml; P<0.0001). Following conversion, mean tacrolimus trough levels were reduced by 15% (about 1ng/ml) without any cases of acute rejection, remained stable during the remainder of the study, and were more consistent, showing reduced between- and within-patient variability in trough levels. Renal function remained stable, demonstrating noninferiority of tacrolimus QD versus BID (relative difference in mean calculated CrCl -0.1% [±6.3%]). Patient and graft survival were 100%. Adverse events incidence was low during both treatment phases.