Psychology Department, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
Memory. 2012;20(2):90-9. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2011.640690. Epub 2012 Jan 13.
Previous research using the Gudjonnson suggestibility scale has suggested a role for self-esteem in suggestibility, with participants low in self-esteem being more suggestible than participants high in self-esteem. Four experiments are presented examining the role of self-esteem in the misinformation effect and whether enhanced suggestibility effects in participants low in self-esteem reflect genuine memory impairment. In Experiments 1 and 4 participants completed a standard recognition test. In Experiment 2 participants completed the modified recognition test. In Experiment 3 participants completed a free recall test. In Experiments 1 and 4 participants low in self-esteem demonstrated greater misinformation effects than participants high in self-esteem. In Experiment 3 a 3-day retention interval was employed with the modified test and no differences were found between the two groups on the reporting of the new item. The findings suggest that participants low in self-esteem are particularly sensitive to demand characteristics and post-event suggestion but do not suffer from genuine memory impairment.
先前使用 Gudjonnson 暗示性量表的研究表明，自尊在暗示性中起着作用，自尊低的参与者比自尊高的参与者更容易受暗示。本文呈现了四项实验，旨在检验自尊在错误信息效应中的作用，以及自尊低的参与者的增强暗示效应是否反映了真正的记忆损伤。在实验 1 和 4 中，参与者完成了标准的识别测试。在实验 2 中，参与者完成了修改后的识别测试。在实验 3 中，参与者完成了自由回忆测试。在实验 1 和 4 中，自尊低的参与者比自尊高的参与者表现出更大的错误信息效应。在实验 3 中，采用了 3 天的保留间隔，并使用修改后的测试，在报告新项目时，两组之间没有发现差异。研究结果表明，自尊低的参与者特别容易受到需求特征和事件后暗示的影响，但不会遭受真正的记忆损伤。
