Department of Psychology, Southern New Hampshire University, Manchester, NH, USA.
Memory. 2013 Apr;21(3):408-16. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2012.729597. Epub 2012 Oct 17.
We examined how certain personality traits might relate to the formation of suggestive memory over time. We hypothesised that compliance and trust relate to initial acceptance of misinformation as memory, whereas fantasy proneness might relate to integration of misinformation into memory after later intervals (relative to the time of exposure to misinformation). Participants watched an excerpt from a movie--the simulated eyewitness event. They next answered a recall test that included embedded misinformation about the movie. Participants then answered a yes/no recognition test. A week later, participants answered a second yes/no recognition test about the movie (each yes/no recognition test included different questions). Before both recognition tests, participants were warned about the misinformation shown during recall and were asked to base their answer on the movie excerpt only. After completing the second recognition test, participants answered questions from the Neuroticism Extroversion Openness Personality Inventory-3 (McCrae, Costa, & Martin, 2005) and Creative Experiences Questionnaire (Merckelbach, Horselenberg, & Muris, 2001). While compliance correlated with misinformation effects immediately after exposure to misinformation, fantasy-prone personality accounted for more of the variability in false recognition rates than compliance after a 1-week interval.
我们研究了某些人格特质如何随时间推移与暗示性记忆的形成有关。我们假设顺从和信任与最初将错误信息作为记忆接受有关，而幻想倾向可能与错误信息在稍后间隔（相对于接触错误信息的时间）后整合到记忆中有关。参与者观看了电影片段——模拟目击事件。然后，他们回答了一个回忆测试，其中包含有关电影的嵌入式错误信息。参与者随后回答了一个是/否识别测试。一周后，参与者回答了关于电影的第二个是/否识别测试（每个是/否识别测试都包含不同的问题）。在两次识别测试之前，参与者被警告回忆期间显示的错误信息，并被要求仅根据电影片段回答问题。完成第二次识别测试后，参与者回答了神经质、外向性、开放性人格量表 3（McCrae、Costa 和 Martin，2005 年）和创造性体验问卷（Merckelbach、Horselenberg 和 Muris，2001 年）的问题。虽然顺从性与错误信息暴露后立即的错误信息效应相关，但在 1 周间隔后，幻想倾向人格比顺从性更能解释错误识别率的变化。
