Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia.
Contraception. 2012 Aug;86(2):132-40. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2011.11.021. Epub 2012 Jan 10.
The aim of this study was to explore factors associated with contraception among 20- to 44-year-old women in different ethnic groups in two Eastern European countries.
Data on sexually experienced women in need of contraception taken from population-based cross-sectional surveys, conducted in Estonia (n=1680) and in St. Petersburg (n=798), were analyzed. Factors associated with contraception nonuse or the use of unreliable contraceptive methods were explored using multivariate logistic regression analysis.
The age-standardized prevalence rate of contraception nonuse or the use of unreliable contraceptive methods was high (27.3% among Estonian-speaking women in Estonia, 39.9% and 42.5% among Russian-speaking women in Estonia and in St. Petersburg, respectively). Age, economic subsistence, high-risk sexual behavior and smoking did not correlate with contraception nonuse or the use of unreliable contraceptive methods among Russian-speaking women in Estonia and in St. Petersburg; this was in contrast to Estonian-speaking women in Estonia. Previous childbirth and abortion reduced the risk of contraception nonuse or the use of unreliable contraceptive methods among Estonian-speaking women in Estonia (adjusted odds ratio, 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31-0.81) but elevated the risk among Russian-speaking women in St. Petersburg (1.99; 1.17-3.40). Abortion, not previous childbirth, was associated with an increased risk among Russian-speaking women in Estonia (2.94; 1.25-6.95).
The importance of different risk factors associated with contraceptive use varies between different ethnic groups. Cross-national comparisons are essential for the design of public health policies that decrease the burden of sexual ill health.
本研究旨在探讨 20-44 岁不同族裔女性在两个东欧国家的避孕相关因素。
本研究分析了来自爱沙尼亚（n=1680）和圣彼得堡（n=798）的基于人群的横断面调查中需要避孕的有性经验的女性数据。使用多变量逻辑回归分析探讨了与避孕不使用或使用不可靠避孕方法相关的因素。
避孕不使用或使用不可靠避孕方法的标准化流行率较高（爱沙尼亚讲爱沙尼亚语的女性为 27.3%，爱沙尼亚和圣彼得堡讲俄语的女性分别为 39.9%和 42.5%）。年龄、经济生存状况、高危性行为和吸烟与爱沙尼亚和圣彼得堡讲俄语的女性的避孕不使用或使用不可靠避孕方法无关；这与爱沙尼亚讲爱沙尼亚语的女性不同。在爱沙尼亚，先前的分娩和流产降低了爱沙尼亚讲爱沙尼亚语的女性避孕不使用或使用不可靠避孕方法的风险（调整后的优势比，0.50；95%置信区间[CI]，0.31-0.81），但增加了圣彼得堡讲俄语的女性的风险（1.99；1.17-3.40）。在爱沙尼亚，与先前的分娩相比，流产与讲俄语的女性的风险增加相关（2.94；1.25-6.95）。
与避孕使用相关的不同危险因素的重要性因族裔群体而异。跨国比较对于制定减少性健康不良负担的公共卫生政策至关重要。
