Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Dec 16;107(25):253903. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.253903.
As demonstrated by Chernodub, vacuum in a strong magnetic field behaves as Abrikosov vortex lattice in a type-II superconductor. We investigate electromagnetic behavior of vacuum in this state and demonstrate that vacuum behaves as a hyperbolic metamaterial. If the magnetic field is constant, low frequency extraordinary photons experience this medium as a (3+1) Minkowski spacetime in which the role of time is played by the spatial z coordinate. Variations of the magnetic field curve this spacetime, and may lead to formation of "electromagnetic black holes." Since hyperbolic metamaterials behave as diffractionless "perfect lenses," and large enough magnetic fields probably existed in the early Universe, the demonstrated hyperbolic behavior of early vacuum may have imprints in the large scale structure of the present-day Universe.
正如切尔努多布所证明的，强磁场中的真空表现为 II 型超导体中的阿布里科索夫涡旋晶格。我们研究了这种状态下真空的电磁行为，并证明真空表现为双曲超材料。如果磁场是恒定的，低频异常光子在这种介质中表现为（3+1）闵可夫斯基时空，其中时间由空间 z 坐标扮演。磁场的变化使这个时空发生弯曲，并且可能导致“电磁黑洞”的形成。由于双曲超材料表现为无衍射的“完美透镜”，并且早期宇宙中可能存在足够大的磁场，因此早期真空所表现出的双曲行为可能在当今宇宙的大尺度结构中留下了痕迹。
