Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany.
Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol. 2012;86:95-128. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-386497-0.00003-7.
The ribosome is a major player in providing accurate gene expression in the cell. The fidelity of substrate selection is tightly controlled throughout the translation process, including the initiation, elongation, and termination phases. Although each phase of translation involves different players, that is, translation factors and tRNAs, the general principles of selection appear surprisingly similar for very different substrates. At essentially every step of translation, differences in complex stabilities as well as induced fit are sources of selectivity. A view starts to emerge of how the ribosome uses local and global conformational switches to govern induced-fit mechanisms that ensure fidelity. This review describes the mechanisms of tRNA and mRNA selection at all phases of protein synthesis in bacteria.
核糖体是细胞内提供准确基因表达的主要参与者。在翻译过程的各个阶段，包括起始、延伸和终止阶段，底物的选择保真度都受到严格控制。尽管每个翻译阶段都涉及不同的参与者，即翻译因子和 tRNA，但对于非常不同的底物，选择的一般原则似乎惊人地相似。在翻译的基本每个步骤中，复杂稳定性的差异以及诱导契合都是选择性的来源。一种观点开始出现，即核糖体如何利用局部和全局构象转换来控制诱导契合机制，以确保保真度。这篇综述描述了细菌中蛋白质合成各个阶段的 tRNA 和 mRNA 选择机制。
