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RNA 编辑的转录后重编码。

Posttranscriptional recoding by RNA editing.

机构信息

Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA.

出版信息

Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol. 2012;86:193-224. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-386497-0.00006-2.

Abstract

The posttranscriptional recoding of nuclear RNA transcripts has emerged as an important regulatory mechanism during eukaryotic gene expression. In particular the deamination of adenosine to inosine (interpreted by the translational machinery as a guanosine) is a frequent event that can recode the meaning of amino acid codons in translated exons, lead to structural changes in the RNA fold, or may affect splice consensus or regulatory sequence sites in noncoding exons or introns and modulate the biogenesis of small RNAs. The molecular mechanism of how the RNA editing machinery and its substrates recognize and interact with each other is not understood well enough to allow for the ab initio delineation of bona fide RNA editing sites. However, progress in the identification of various physiological modification sites and their characterization has given important insights regarding molecular features and events critical for productive RNA editing reactions. In addition, structural studies using components of the RNA editing machinery and together with editing competent substrate molecules have provided information on the chemical mechanism of adenosine deamination within the context of RNA molecules. Here, I give an overview of the process of adenosine deamination RNA editing and describe its relationship to other RNA processing events and its currently established roles in gene regulation.

摘要

核 RNA 转录物的转录后重编码已成为真核基因表达过程中的一种重要调控机制。特别是腺苷脱氨为肌苷(被翻译机制解释为鸟苷)是一种常见事件,可重新编码翻译外显子中氨基酸密码子的含义,导致 RNA 折叠的结构变化,或可能影响非编码外显子或内含子中的剪接共识或调节序列位点,并调节小 RNA 的生物发生。RNA 编辑机制及其底物如何识别和相互作用的分子机制还没有得到很好的理解,无法从一开始就划定真正的 RNA 编辑位点。然而,在鉴定各种生理修饰位点及其特性方面的进展,对于有生产性 RNA 编辑反应的分子特征和事件提供了重要的见解。此外,使用 RNA 编辑机制的成分以及与编辑能力的底物分子一起进行的结构研究,提供了有关 RNA 分子中腺苷脱氨的化学机制的信息。在这里,我概述了腺苷脱氨 RNA 编辑的过程,并描述了它与其他 RNA 加工事件的关系及其在基因调控中的当前作用。

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