Woehrle James L, Magliano Joseph P
Northern Illinois University, USA.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2012 Feb;139(2):314-9. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.12.006. Epub 2012 Jan 14.
Attention affects the perception of time, and the ability to control attention is reflected in measures of working-memory capacity. Individuals with low working memory capacity have more difficulty maintaining focus on a task than high-capacity individuals, particularly when faced with contextual distracters. This experiment examined the effect of working-memory capacity on the perception of temporal duration while performing a cognitive task. We predicted that low-capacity participants would be more likely to direct attention away from the cognitive task and towards the contextual distraction of time, and consequently perceive temporal duration more accurately, and perform the cognitive task less accurately, than high-capacity participants. The results showed that when performing both tasks simultaneously, low-capacity participants were less accurate than high-capacity participants on the cognitive task, but were more accurate on the timing task. High-capacity participants, conversely, were more accurate in the non-temporal cognitive task at the cost of monitoring duration.
注意力会影响对时间的感知,而控制注意力的能力体现在工作记忆容量的测量中。工作记忆容量低的个体比高容量个体在保持对任务的专注上更困难,尤其是在面对情境干扰时。本实验研究了工作记忆容量在执行认知任务时对时间持续感知的影响。我们预测,与高容量参与者相比,低容量参与者更有可能将注意力从认知任务上转移到时间的情境干扰上,因此会更准确地感知时间持续,而执行认知任务的准确性则较低。结果表明,当同时执行两项任务时,低容量参与者在认知任务上的准确性低于高容量参与者,但在计时任务上更准确。相反,高容量参与者在非时间认知任务上更准确,但代价是对持续时间的监测。