Oliveira Thaís Feitosa Leitão de, Gomes Filho Isaac Suzart, Passos Johelle de Santana, Cruz Simone Seixas da, Oliveira Michelle Teixeira, Trindade Soraya Castro, Machado Adelmir de Souza, Coelho Julita Maria Freitas, Santos Carla Maria Lima, Cerqueira Eneida de Moraes Marcílio
NUPPIIM, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2011 Nov-Dec;57(6):630-6. doi: 10.1590/s0104-42302011000600008.
To identify factors associated with nosocomial pneumonia in individuals admitted to a public hospital in Feira de Santana, Bahia.
This case control study was carried out in 211 adult individuals (46 cases and 165 controls), of a mean age of 41 years, treated at clinical wards, surgical wards or the adult intensive care unit of Cleriston Andrade General Hospital in Feira de Santana. The cases comprised individuals who developed respiratory tract infections (nosocomial pneumonia) after hospital admission. The controls consisted of patients without nosocomial pneumonia. Information on socioeconomic status, medical history, lifestyle and oral hygiene habits was obtained through interviews. The medical records were checked to verify subjects' health status and the diagnosis of pneumonia. A clinical oral examination was performed by a trained dental surgeon. Odds ratio (OR) was estimated in the bivariate analysis as an association measurement, along with the respective 95% confidence interval through the Mantel-Haenszel method.
The frequency of nosocomial pneumonia in the sample was 21.8%. The occurrence of hypertension was higher and hospital stay duration was longer in the cases than in controls (p ≤ 0.05). Lack of dental floss and mouthwash use were higher in the controls (p = 0.01).
The findings indicate that arterial hypertension, length of hospital stay of five days and lack of dental floss and mouthwash use are factors likely associated with nosocomial pneumonia, suggesting that these factors should be targeted for effective prevention.
确定与巴伊亚州费拉德桑塔纳市一家公立医院收治患者的医院获得性肺炎相关的因素。
本病例对照研究在费拉德桑塔纳市克莱里斯顿·安德拉德综合医院的临床病房、外科病房或成人重症监护病房对211名平均年龄41岁的成年人（46例病例和165名对照）进行。病例包括入院后发生呼吸道感染（医院获得性肺炎）的个体。对照由无医院获得性肺炎的患者组成。通过访谈获取社会经济状况、病史、生活方式和口腔卫生习惯方面的信息。检查病历以核实受试者的健康状况和肺炎诊断。由一名经过培训的牙科外科医生进行临床口腔检查。在双变量分析中，采用Mantel-Haenszel方法估计比值比（OR）作为关联测量指标，并计算相应的95%置信区间。
样本中医院获得性肺炎的发生率为21.8%。病例组中高血压的发生率更高，住院时间更长，与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（p≤0.05）。对照组中不使用牙线和漱口水的情况更为常见（p = 0.01）。
研究结果表明，动脉高血压、住院五天、不使用牙线和漱口水是可能与医院获得性肺炎相关的因素，提示应对这些因素进行有效预防。
