Centre for Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Int J Paediatr Dent. 2013 Jan;23(1):23-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2011.01219.x. Epub 2012 Jan 18.
Home visits (HV) provide excellent opportunities for health promotion.
This longitudinal study compared the effects of HV and telephone contacts (TC) in preventing early childhood caries (ECC) and colonisation of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB) from 0 to 24 months.
A total of 325 children were recruited from community health centres at mean age of 42 days, and randomly assigned to receive either HV or TC. A total of 188 children completed three, 6 monthly HV, and another 58 had three, 6 monthly TC. An additional 40 age-matched children from childcare facilities served as reference controls (RC). At 24 months, all groups were examined at a community dental clinic.
At 24 months, three HV children of 188 (1.5%) had caries, compared to four TC of 58 (6.8%) and nine RC of 40 (22.5%) (P < 0.001 for HV versus RC; P = 0.05 for HV versus TC and P = 0.03 for TC versus RC). There were also more children with MS in the TC (47%) and RC (35%) compared to HV (28%) group (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02).
Home visits and telephone contacts conducted 6 monthly from birth are effective in reducing ECC prevalence by 24 months.
家访为促进健康提供了极好的机会。
本纵向研究比较了家访和电话联系在预防 0 至 24 个月婴幼儿龋齿（ECC）和变形链球菌（MS）和乳杆菌（LB）定植方面的效果。
共从社区卫生中心招募了 325 名儿童，平均年龄为 42 天，随机分为家访组或电话联系组。共有 188 名儿童接受了 3 次 6 个月的家访，另有 58 名儿童接受了 3 次 6 个月的电话联系。来自儿童保育机构的另外 40 名年龄匹配的儿童作为参照对照组（RC）。24 个月时，所有组在社区牙科诊所接受检查。
24 个月时，188 名接受家访的儿童中有 3 名（1.5%）有龋齿，而 58 名接受电话联系的儿童中有 4 名（6.8%）和 40 名 RC 中有 9 名（22.5%）（家访组与 RC 组相比，P < 0.001；家访组与 TC 组相比，P = 0.05；TC 组与 RC 组相比，P = 0.03）。TC 组（47%）和 RC 组（35%）的儿童中 MS 阳性的儿童也多于 HV 组（28%）（P = 0.01 和 P = 0.02）。
从出生起每 6 个月进行家访和电话联系可有效降低 24 个月时 ECC 的患病率。
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