呼吸系统疾病及相关因素：2008-2009 年圣保罗的基于人群的研究。

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Rev Saude Publica. 2012 Feb;46(1):16-25. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102011005000082. Epub 2011 Dec 13.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the prevalence of acute bronchitis, rhinitis, and sinusitis among children and adolescents and identify associated factors.

METHODS

This is a population-based, cross-sectional study. A household survey was conducted with 1,185 children and adolescents from the city of São Paulo (Southeastern Brazil), from 2008 to 2009. The participants were selected by means of probability sampling, stratified by sex and age, and by two-stage cluster sampling. For the adjusted analysis, multiple Poisson regression was used.

RESULTS

Of the respondents, 7.3% reported acute bronchitis, 22.6% rhinitis and 15.3% sinusitis. After the adjusted analysis, the following characteristics were associated with self;reported acute bronchitis: age 0 to 4 years (PR=17.86; 95%CI: 3.65;90.91), 5 to 9 years (PR=37.04; 95%CI: 8.13;166.67), 10 to 14 years (PR=20,83; 95%CI: 4.93;90.91), allergy (PR=3.12; 95%CI: 1.70;5.73), black and mixed-ethnicity (black and white) skin color (PR=2.29; 95%CI: 1.21;4.35), and living in a household with 1 to 3 rooms (PR=1.85; 95%CI: 1.17;2.94). As to self-reported rhinitis, the following characteristics were associated: age 10 to 14 years (PR=2.77; 95%CI: 1.60;4.78), 15 to 19 years (PR=2.58; 95%CI: 1.52;4.39), allergy (PR=4.32; 95%CI: 2.79;6.70), asthma (PR=2.30; 95%CI: 1.30;4.10) and living in flats (PR=1.70; 95%CI: 1.06;2.73). Concerning self-reported sinusitis, the following characteristics were associated: age 5 to 9 years (PR=2.44; 95%CI: 1.09;5.43), 10 to 14 years (PR=2.99; 95%CI: 1.36;6.58), 15 to 19 years (PR=3.62; 95%CI: 1.68;7.81), allergy (PR=2.23 (95%CI: 1.41;3.52) and obesity (PR=4.42; 95%CI: 1.56;12.50).

CONCLUSIONS

Respiratory diseases were more prevalent in population groups with defined characteristics, such as age group, self-reported diseases, type of household and obesity.

目的

评估儿童和青少年急性支气管炎、鼻炎和鼻窦炎的患病率，并确定相关因素。

方法

这是一项基于人群的横断面研究。2008 年至 2009 年，在巴西东南部城市圣保罗对 1185 名儿童和青少年进行了家庭调查。参与者通过概率抽样、按性别和年龄分层以及两阶段聚类抽样进行选择。对于调整分析，使用了多泊松回归。

结果

在受访者中，7.3%报告患有急性支气管炎，22.6%报告患有鼻炎，15.3%报告患有鼻窦炎。在调整分析后，以下特征与自我报告的急性支气管炎有关：0 至 4 岁（PR=17.86；95%CI：3.65；90.91）、5 至 9 岁（PR=37.04；95%CI：8.13；166.67）、10 至 14 岁（PR=20.83；95%CI：4.93；90.91）、过敏（PR=3.12；95%CI：1.70；5.73）、黑人和混血（黑人和白人）肤色（PR=2.29；95%CI：1.21；4.35）和居住在 1 至 3 个房间的家庭（PR=1.85；95%CI：1.17；2.94）。至于自我报告的鼻炎，以下特征与以下特征有关：10 至 14 岁（PR=2.77；95%CI：1.60；4.78）、15 至 19 岁（PR=2.58；95%CI：1.52；4.39）、过敏（PR=4.32；95%CI：2.79；6.70）、哮喘（PR=2.30；95%CI：1.30；4.10）和居住在公寓楼（PR=1.70；95%CI：1.06；2.73）。至于自我报告的鼻窦炎，以下特征与以下特征有关：5 至 9 岁（PR=2.44；95%CI：1.09；5.43）、10 至 14 岁（PR=2.99；95%CI：1.36；6.58）、15 至 19 岁（PR=3.62；95%CI：1.68；7.81）、过敏（PR=2.23（95%CI：1.41；3.52）和肥胖（PR=4.42；95%CI：1.56；12.50）。