Theory Division, Department of Physics, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2012 Feb 28;370(1961):818-30. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0452.
The Standard Model of particle physics agrees very well with experiment, but many important questions remain unanswered, among them are the following. What is the origin of particle masses and are they due to a Higgs boson? How does one understand the number of species of matter particles and how do they mix? What is the origin of the difference between matter and antimatter, and is it related to the origin of the matter in the Universe? What is the nature of the astrophysical dark matter? How does one unify the fundamental interactions? How does one quantize gravity? In this article, I introduce these questions and discuss how they may be addressed by experiments at the Large Hadron Collider, with particular attention to the search for the Higgs boson and supersymmetry.
粒子物理学的标准模型与实验非常吻合，但仍有许多重要问题尚未得到解答，其中包括以下问题。粒子质量的起源是什么，是否归因于希格斯玻色子？如何理解物质粒子的种类及其混合方式？物质与反物质之间差异的起源是什么，它与宇宙中物质的起源有关吗？天体物理暗物质的本质是什么？如何实现基本相互作用的统一？如何实现引力的量子化？本文介绍了这些问题，并讨论了大型强子对撞机实验可能如何解决这些问题，特别关注希格斯玻色子和超对称性的寻找。
