Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
Nutrients. 2010 Apr;2(4):408-25. doi: 10.3390/nu2040408. Epub 2010 Mar 25.
It is becoming increasingly clear that vitamin D has a broad range of actions in the human body. Besides its well-known effects on calcium/phosphate homeostasis, vitamin D influences muscle function, cardiovascular homeostasis, nervous function, and the immune response. Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency has been associated with muscle weakness and a high incidence of various chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 and 2 diabetes. Most importantly, low vitamin D status has been found to be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality. Several recent randomized controlled trials support the assumption that vitamin D can improve muscle strength, glucose homeostasis, and cardiovascular risk markers. In addition, vitamin D may reduce cancer incidence and elevated blood pressure. Since the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is high throughout the world, there is a need to improve vitamin D status in the general adult population. However, the currently recommended daily vitamin D intake of 5-15 µg is too low to achieve an adequate vitamin D status in individuals with only modest skin synthesis. Thus, there is a need to recommend a vitamin D intake that is effective for achieving adequate circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations (>75 nmol/L).
越来越明显的是，维生素 D 在人体中有广泛的作用。除了其对钙/磷稳态的众所周知的影响外，维生素 D 还影响肌肉功能、心血管稳态、神经功能和免疫反应。维生素 D 缺乏/不足与肌肉无力以及各种慢性疾病（如心血管疾病、癌症、多发性硬化症和 1 型和 2 型糖尿病）的高发率有关。最重要的是，低维生素 D 状态被发现是全因死亡率的独立预测因素。最近的几项随机对照试验支持这样一种假设，即维生素 D 可以改善肌肉力量、葡萄糖稳态和心血管风险标志物。此外，维生素 D 可能降低癌症发病率和血压升高。由于维生素 D 缺乏/不足在全球范围内很普遍，因此需要改善普通成年人群的维生素 D 状态。然而，目前推荐的每日维生素 D 摄入量为 5-15µg，对于仅通过适度皮肤合成就达到足够维生素 D 状态的个体来说太低了。因此，有必要推荐一种有效的维生素 D 摄入量，以达到足够的循环 25-羟维生素 D 浓度（>75nmol/L）。
