Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Nutrients. 2011 May;3(5):574-603. doi: 10.3390/nu3050574. Epub 2011 May 11.
Dietary proteins elicit a wide range of nutritional and biological functions. Beyond their nutritional role as the source of amino acids for protein synthesis, they are instrumental in the regulation of food intake, glucose and lipid metabolism, blood pressure, bone metabolism and immune function. The interaction of dietary proteins and their products of digestion with the regulatory functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a dominant role in determining the physiological properties of proteins. The site of interaction is widespread, from the oral cavity to the colon. The characteristics of proteins that influence their interaction with the GI tract in a source-dependent manner include their physico-chemical properties, their amino acid composition and sequence, their bioactive peptides, their digestion kinetics and also the non-protein bioactive components conjugated with them. Within the GI tract, these products affect several regulatory functions by interacting with receptors releasing hormones, affecting stomach emptying and GI transport and absorption, transmitting neural signals to the brain, and modifying the microflora. This review discusses the interaction of dietary proteins during digestion and absorption with the physiological and metabolic functions of the GI tract, and illustrates the importance of this interaction in the regulation of amino acid, glucose, lipid metabolism, and food intake.
饮食蛋白质具有广泛的营养和生物学功能。除了作为蛋白质合成的氨基酸来源的营养作用外，它们在调节食物摄入、葡萄糖和脂质代谢、血压、骨代谢和免疫功能方面也起着重要作用。饮食蛋白质及其消化产物与胃肠道（GI）调节功能的相互作用在决定蛋白质的生理特性方面起着主导作用。相互作用的部位很广泛，从口腔到结肠。影响蛋白质与胃肠道相互作用的特性包括其物理化学特性、氨基酸组成和序列、生物活性肽、消化动力学以及与它们结合的非蛋白质生物活性成分。在胃肠道内，这些产物通过与释放激素的受体相互作用，影响胃排空和胃肠道转运和吸收、向大脑传递神经信号以及改变微生物群，从而影响几种调节功能。本文讨论了饮食蛋白质在消化和吸收过程中与胃肠道的生理和代谢功能的相互作用，并说明了这种相互作用在调节氨基酸、葡萄糖、脂质代谢和食物摄入方面的重要性。
