Deleu Sara, Becherucci Guia, Godny Lihi, Mentella Maria Chiara, Petito Valentina, Scaldaferri Franco
CEMAD Translational Research Laboratories, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 5;16(23):4201. doi: 10.3390/nu16234201.
The gut microbiome, a collection of gut microorganisms, is crucial in the development and progression of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Therefore, diet and dietary interventions are promising strategies to shape the gut microbiota for IBD management. Of all the diets studied in the IBD field, the Mediterranean diet has the least restrictive nature, promoting long-term adherence. The Mediterranean diet is rich in plants, with a high daily intake of fruits and vegetables (high in fiber, antioxidants, and vitamins), olive oil, whole grains, legumes, and nuts. It includes the moderate consumption of animal products such as oily fish (rich in mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids), dairy products, and poultry, with a limited intake of red meat and processed foods. This diet is associated with a decreased risk of chronic diseases, including IBD. However, the mechanisms of specific nutrients behind these effects in the Mediterranean diet remain under investigation. Therefore, in this review, we aim to provide an overview of the nutrients that are abundant in the Mediterranean diet and their effects on IBD, with a main focus on preclinical evidence. While several nutrients like fructo-oligosaccharide, chitosan, plant-derived protein, polyphenols, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and resveratrol have shown potential beneficial effects in preclinical models, clinical evidence is often limited. However, understanding the complex interactions between specific nutrients and IBD is essential to developing a tailored, multidisciplinary, and personalized approach for disease management; therefore, further research is required.
肠道微生物群，即肠道微生物的集合，在炎症性肠病（IBD）的发生和发展中起着关键作用。因此，饮食和饮食干预是塑造肠道微生物群以管理IBD的有前景的策略。在IBD领域研究的所有饮食中，地中海饮食的限制最少，有利于长期坚持。地中海饮食富含植物性食物，每日水果和蔬菜摄入量高（富含纤维、抗氧化剂和维生素），还有橄榄油、全谷物、豆类和坚果。它包括适量食用动物产品，如富含单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸的油性鱼类、乳制品和家禽，同时限制红肉和加工食品的摄入量。这种饮食与包括IBD在内的慢性疾病风险降低有关。然而，地中海饮食中这些作用背后的特定营养素的机制仍在研究中。因此，在本综述中，我们旨在概述地中海饮食中丰富的营养素及其对IBD的影响，主要关注临床前证据。虽然低聚果糖、壳聚糖、植物来源的蛋白质、多酚、ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸和白藜芦醇等几种营养素在临床前模型中已显示出潜在的有益作用，但临床证据往往有限。然而，了解特定营养素与IBD之间的复杂相互作用对于制定针对疾病管理的量身定制、多学科和个性化方法至关重要；因此，还需要进一步研究。
