Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Healthcare Improvement for Addictions, Mental Illness and Medically Vulnerable Populations-CHAMMP, University of Washington, Box 359911, 325 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA 98104-2499, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2012 Jul;27(11):2144-62. doi: 10.1177/0886260511432152. Epub 2012 Jan 18.
The objectives of this study were to examine racial and ethnic disparities in perpetrator and incident characteristics and discrepancies between police charges and reported perpetrator behaviors in police-reported intimate partner violence (IPV). This cross-sectional study used standardized police data and victim narratives of IPV incidents reported to the police in Dallas, Texas in 2004. The sample included non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic male perpetrators who were residents of Dallas (N = 4470). Offense charges were prioritized in descending order: sexual assault, aggravated assault, simple assault, kidnapping, robbery, and intimidation. Textual data from the victim narratives were coded, based on the revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS), and categorized in descending order of priority: sexual (severe, minor), physical (severe, minor), and psychological (severe, minor) assault. Perpetrators were more likely to be Black and Hispanic. Perpetrator and incident characteristics varied significantly by race/ethnicity, particularly age, age difference between partners, marital status, injury, and interracial relationships. Qualitative data revealed that greater proportions of Black and Hispanic men perpetrated severe physical, but not sexual violence, compared with White men. The greatest disparity between CTS categories and police charges occurred among those cases identified by the CTS as severe physical IPV; 84% were charged with simple assault. Significant differences by race/ethnicity were found only for simple assault charges, which were coded as severe physical as opposed to minor physical IPV more often among Black (69% and 31%) compared with White (62% and 38%) men. The disparities revealed in this study highlight the need to enhance primary and secondary prevention efforts within Black and Hispanic communities and to increase linkages between police, community, and public health organizations.
本研究旨在考察种族和民族在施害者和事件特征方面的差异，以及警察报告的亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）事件中警方指控与报告的施害者行为之间的差异。本横断面研究使用了标准化的警察数据和 2004 年德克萨斯州达拉斯市警方报告的 IPV 事件中受害者的叙述。样本包括非西班牙裔白人、非西班牙裔黑人、和西班牙裔男性施害者，他们是达拉斯的居民（N=4470）。犯罪指控按降序排列：性侵犯、严重攻击、简单攻击、绑架、抢劫和恐吓。根据修订后的冲突策略量表（CTS），从受害者叙述中提取的文本数据进行了编码，并按降序排列：性（严重、轻微）、身体（严重、轻微）和心理（严重、轻微）攻击。施害者更有可能是黑人或西班牙裔。施害者和事件特征因种族/民族而异，差异显著，尤其是年龄、伴侣年龄差异、婚姻状况、伤害和跨种族关系。定性数据显示，与白人男性相比，更多的黑人男性和西班牙裔男性实施了严重的身体暴力，而不是性暴力。在 CTS 类别和警方指控之间存在最大差异的是那些被 CTS 确定为严重身体 IPV 的案件；84%的案件被指控犯有简单攻击罪。仅在简单攻击指控方面发现了种族/民族差异，与白人男性（62%和 38%）相比，黑人男性（69%和 31%）更常将简单攻击编码为严重身体 IPV，而非轻微身体 IPV。本研究中揭示的差异突出表明，需要加强黑人和西班牙裔社区的一级和二级预防工作，并加强警察、社区和公共卫生组织之间的联系。
