Department of Biotechnology, PRIST University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 403, India.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2012 Mar;166(6):1507-19. doi: 10.1007/s12010-012-9544-8. Epub 2012 Jan 19.
Despite tremendous advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of diabetes mellitus, substantial gaps still remain in our understanding of disease pathogenesis and in the development of effective strategies for early diagnosis and treatment. The proteomic approach has offered many opportunities and challenges in identifying new marker proteins and therapeutic targets, i.e., using 2D-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry. The differential protein expressions were analyzed in alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with Cynodon dactylon leaf extract. The plant extract was administered for 15 days that resulted in a significant increase in plasma insulin and C-peptide levels. We have also identified four differentially expressed proteins from rat plasma. These four diabetes-associated proteins were broadly classified into three groups as per their function: (1) lipid metabolism-associated protein (Apo A-IV), (2) antioxidant activity-related proteins [preprohaptoglobin and heat shock proteins B8 (HspB8)], and (3) muscle function-related protein (TPM3). Apo A-IV, HspB8, and preprohaptoglobin may play a key role in the recovery of diabetes mellitus and also prevent the diabetes-associated complications such as prevention of oxidative stress due to free radical and free hemoglobin. These results show the value of proteomic approach in identifying the potential markers that may eventually serve as diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets.
尽管我们在糖尿病的分子基础理解方面取得了巨大进展，但在疾病发病机制的理解以及早期诊断和治疗的有效策略的开发方面仍存在很大差距。蛋白质组学方法在鉴定新的标记蛋白和治疗靶点方面提供了许多机会和挑战，例如使用二维聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱。我们分析了用狗牙根叶提取物治疗的链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠中的差异蛋白表达。该植物提取物已给药 15 天，导致血浆胰岛素和 C 肽水平显著增加。我们还从大鼠血浆中鉴定出了四种差异表达的蛋白质。这四种与糖尿病相关的蛋白质根据其功能广泛分为三类：（1）脂质代谢相关蛋白（载脂蛋白 A-IV），（2）抗氧化活性相关蛋白[前白蛋白和热休克蛋白 B8（HspB8）]，以及（3）肌肉功能相关蛋白（TPM3）。载脂蛋白 A-IV、HspB8 和前白蛋白可能在糖尿病的恢复中发挥关键作用，并预防糖尿病相关并发症，如因自由基和游离血红蛋白导致的氧化应激的预防。这些结果表明蛋白质组学方法在鉴定潜在标志物方面具有价值，这些标志物最终可能成为诊断标志物或治疗靶点。
